ʻO kahi hāʻule i ka ʻohi ʻana e 11%, kahi hoʻemi o ka lawe aku i nā hua a me nā aila e 13%, kahi hāʻule o ka hua hua ma 50%. ʻO kēia nā hopena i lawe ʻia e 2020 i nā mea mahiʻai Ukrainian. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole huhū ka ʻoihana nui e pili ana i kēia, ʻoiai hiki ke loaʻa i ke kālā liʻiliʻi a me ke komo ʻana i nā mākeke ʻē. ʻO ka poʻe mahiʻai, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē, ke helu nei i nā nalo a noʻonoʻo e pili ana pehea e ola ai 2021. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole kōkua ka mokuʻāina iā lākou.
Ua kūʻē nui ka ʻoihana agro-ʻoihana i ka pilikia, akā ua kūleʻa. Mai Malaki, ua hāʻule ka nui o ka hana mahiʻai ma Ukraine. Wahi a ka State Statistics Service, i Ianuali-ʻAukake 2020, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka papa kuhikuhi hana mahiʻai i ka wā like ma 2019 i 90,2%. ʻO ia, kahi hōʻemi o ka aneane 10%. I ka makahiki i hala iho nei, hāʻule nā puʻupuʻu āpau i ka manawa hoʻokahi ma luna o nā mahiʻai: kahi maʻi ahulau, quarantine, kahi hāʻule o ka noi no kekahi mau pūʻulu huahana, nā pōʻino o ke aniau.
ʻO ka hopena, ke hāʻule nei nā loaʻa o nā mea hana a keʻimi nei lākou i ke ola ma nā mākeke ʻē. ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai meaʻai i ka honua hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūlana. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo ka papa kuhikuhi kumukūʻai o ka Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO), e hōʻike ana i ka loli o ke kumukūʻai o nā huahana meaʻai maʻamau, i loaʻa iā 97,9 mau helu i Kepakemapa. ʻO kēia ka 2,1% ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ʻAukake a 5% kiʻekiʻe ma mua o Kepakemapa 2019.
ʻO nā lanakila i ka wā i hala
No ka nui o kā mākou makemake, akā i ka 2020 ʻaʻohe hōʻiliʻili hou. ʻO nā hewa a pau o ke aniau, i kū i nā mahiʻai i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa. ʻAʻohe ua a me nā hoʻoilo mahana, punawai me nā kulu wela, ua maloʻo i ka hopena o ke kauwela a me ka wanaʻao i hoʻohua i ka hua. No laila, ʻo ka hōʻiliʻili nui ʻana o ka palaoa nui a me nā aila aila ma ka pae o 87,5 miliona mau tona. Ua hoʻolaha ʻia kēia wānana e "Dengam" a. e pili ana. Luna Hoʻokele o ka ʻUkana Grain Association (UGA) ʻo Serhiy Ivashchenko. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka 2019, ʻaneʻane kokoke kēia i 11 miliona mau tona, a i ʻole 11%, i lalo.
Eia kekahi, ke loiloi nei nā loea i nā kuhi o ka iho i lalo no ka aneane o nā mea kanu. "Pono mākou e hoʻomāinoino i ka wānana o ka hōʻiliʻili palaoa ʻana e 1,6 miliona mau tona - i 25,2 miliona mau tona, ka bale - e 0,9 miliona mau tona, i 7,8 miliona mau tona, a me ka palaoa - e 2,2 miliona ., a i 29,6 miliona mau tona. Ua hoʻoponopono hou mākou i ka wanana no ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka sunflower mai ka 14,3 a i ka 13,3 miliona mau tona, a me ka soybeans - mai ka 3,1 a i ka 3 miliona mau tona, ”i ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo Maria Kolesnik, ka Hope Hoʻokele o ka ProAgro Group.
Kūlike maoli kēia mau manaʻo i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo. Wahi a nā ʻike i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ke Kuhina Hoʻomohala Waiwai ma Nowemapa 2, ua ʻohi piha ʻia ka palaoa a me ka palaoa. ʻO ka ʻohiʻohi he 25,1 a me 7,8 miliona mau tona, i kēlā me kēia (ʻike i ka papa. Ua ʻohi ʻo Agrarian corn i 17,6 miliona mau tona mai 66% o ka wahi i lūlū ʻia. ʻO ka ʻohi ʻana o ka sunflower aia ma ka laina hoʻopau: 95% o ka wahi i hahi ʻia a 12,1 miliona mau kālā i ʻohi ʻia. A ʻaʻole paha e hiki i nā mea hana mahiʻai ke hoʻopaʻa i ka hōʻiliʻili pua ʻana o ka lā mai nā ʻāina i koe a hiki i ka makahiki i hala, a ua like ia me 14,5 miliona mau tona.
Ma muli o ke kahe o ka nui o ka hana, e emi ana ka lawe aku o nā hua a me nā mea ʻaila Wahi a nā manaʻo UZA, i ka makahiki 2020 e aneane 54 miliona mau tona, ʻo 13% ia, a i ʻole 8 miliona mau tona, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka 2019.
Manaʻo nā loiloi ProAgro i ka makahiki kūʻai makahiki 2020/2121, hiki i Ukraine ke hāʻawi iā 48 miliona mau tona i ka mākeke haole e kūʻē iā 55,6 miliona mau tona i ka 2019/2020. ʻO kēia nui, 17,5 miliona mau tona - palaoa, 4,4 miliona mau tona - bale, 25,5 miliona mau tona - kulina.
Ke nānā nei i mua i 2021
Akā ke holo nei ka lūlū ʻana i nā mea hoʻoilo. Wahi a ke Kuhina Hoʻomohala Waiwai a me Kālepa, e Nowemapa 2, ua lūlū nā agrarians i nā hua hoʻoilo nui ma kahi o 7,5 miliona hectares (91% o ka wānana). Ua lūlū ka palaoa i ka 5,65 miliona maueka (92% o ka wānana), ka bale - 867 tausani hectares (92% o ka wānana), rai - 119 tausani heka (89% o ka wānana) i ka wānana).
I ka manawa like, loaʻa i nā mea hana mahiʻai kahi manawa e ʻohi ai i kahi ʻohi kiʻekiʻe ma 2021. ʻO ka mea mua, e like me ka Kuhina Hoʻomohala Waiwai, ka wahi o ka ʻāina i lūlū ʻia me nā mea hoʻoilo e ulu ana e 600 tausani hectares - a i 8,2 miliona maueka. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole ma lalo o nā moʻomeheu āpau. Inā piʻi ka ʻāpana ma lalo o ka palaoa mai 5,65 miliona mau ʻeka i 6,1 miliona mau ʻeka, a laila ma lalo o ka bale e hoʻoliʻiliʻi ia mai 1,06 miliona maueka i 0,95 miliona maueka, a ma lalo o ka rapese - mai 1,2 miliona maueka. a i 1 miliona maueka.
ʻO ka lua, makemake ke aniau i ka lūlū a maikaʻi no ka hoʻomaka o nā hoʻoilo hoʻoilo. ʻO ka wela mau i hiki ai ke hoʻomau i ka hana ma ka mahina a hiki i ka hopena o ke kau, a ʻo ka ua i ka hopena o ʻOkakopa ua hoʻomaikaʻi i ka momona o ka lepo, kahi e hāʻawi ai ka manaʻolana no nā mea kanu olakino a ikaika.
Berry me nā pohō
ʻO nā mahiʻai a me nā mahiʻai e kanu i nā hua i ka pilikia loa. No lākou, ʻo 2020 kekahi o nā makahiki maikaʻi ʻole. Eia hou, ma muli o ka piʻo o ke aniau, loaʻa i nā mea kanu hua hua hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua manawa ka haʻahaʻa ma mua o 2019. "He nui ka poʻe e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka hāʻule o 10-15%. Akā i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hāʻule ka ʻohi e 40-60%. ʻO nā poho nui loa ma muli o nā hau i ka wā puna a me nā ua i Iune, "wehewehe ʻo Yaroslav Movchun, ka mea nona ka pā o ka māla hua Ozeryana. Ma ke ala, ʻaʻole makehewa ka pipiʻi o nā hua ma ke kūʻai aku i ke kauwela a pau.
Eia kekahi, ua hoʻonui ʻo Ukraine i ka lawe ʻana i nā hua a me nā hua hua. Wahi a ka hui hua ʻaina a me nā mea kanu ʻo Iukureini (UPOA), i Ianuali-Iune 2020, ua hiki aku i ka 443 tausani tona, ʻo ia hoʻi he 11% ʻoi aku ma mua o ka wā like ma 2019. ʻO ka nui o nā hua pōhaku (apricot, peach, cherry momona, plum) i hoʻonui ʻia e 16,6%, ʻoiai ka lawe ʻana mai i nā hua hou - e 17,9%.
Me nā hua hope, ʻo ka mea nui he ʻāpala, ʻaʻole maikaʻi nā mea āpau pū kekahi. E like paha ka ʻohi ʻana me ka 2019 - ma waena o 1 miliona mau tona. A ʻo ka makahiki i hala aku nei kekahi o nā mea maikaʻi ʻole no Yabloko i 10 mau makahiki. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hau i ka puna a me ke kau maloʻo i ke kauwela e hoʻopili i ka maikaʻi o nā hua. No laila, nā ʻōpela maikaʻi a ʻono hoʻi a 20% o ka hōʻiliʻili nui ʻana.
He aha ka hoʻoweliweli? ʻO nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe ma nā waihona hale kūʻai a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā hua i lawe ʻia mai, lawe nui ʻia mai Polani.
Nā mea kanu, ʻiʻo, hua manu
ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka ʻohi ʻuala ma 2020 ma mua o ka 2019. Wahi a nā wānana a ka Hope Kuhina o Hoʻomohala Waiwai, Kālepa a me mahiʻai ʻo Taras Vysotsky, ʻo ka hana ʻana i kaʻuala ma kahi o 20 miliona mau tona. Wahi a ka State Statistics Service, i ka makahiki 2019, ua ʻohi nā mahiʻai i 20,2 miliona mau tona. A ʻo ia ka ʻohiʻohi ʻoi loa mai ka 2010. A ʻo kahi hopena, aia ma kahi o 400 tausani mau tona o nā ʻuala i lawe ʻia mai i Ukraine, a piʻi nui kā lākou kumukūʻai i kekahi manawa.
I Ianuali-ʻAukake 2020, ua hoʻonui ʻia nā mea lawe mai kaʻuala i ʻeono mau manawa ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka wā like ma 2019. Nā mea hoʻolako - Belarus, Netherlands, Russia. Ke manaʻo nei ʻaʻole wela hou ka ʻohi, ʻaʻole pono ke kali no ka hōʻemi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai o kaʻuala.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Vysotsky ʻo ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā mea kanu i koe i ka makahiki 2020 ma kahi o 9 miliona mau tona, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi 2019-7% kulu hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka 8. Hōʻike ʻia kēia i nā kumukūʻai. I ʻOkakopa, ʻo ke kumukūʻai o nā ʻōmato, e like me UPOA, ma ka awelika, 23% ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi makahiki i hala.
I ka mālama holoholona, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūlana ma kahi maikaʻi ma mua o hoʻokahi makahiki i hala (e ʻike i ka papa. ʻO kahi laʻana, i Ianuali-Kepakemapa hana ʻana o nā puaʻa hams a me nā poʻohiwi i hoʻonui ʻia e 64%, ʻoiai nā kino puaʻa i hoʻemi ʻia e 2,7%. ʻO ka hana ʻana o nā kino makee a me nā ʻiʻo pipi, hapa o nā kupapaʻu, nā hāhā i hāʻule kokoke i 30%. ʻO ka hana ʻana o kaʻiʻo moa a me ka moa i hāʻule i 10%, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻikakekō, ma kahi ʻē aʻe, hoʻonui ʻia e 12,3%. Ua hāʻule nā voluma o ka waiū a me ka hana kirimina e 5-10%.
ʻO ka hana ʻana i nā hua manu i nā mahina ʻeiwa mua o 2020 i hoʻemi ʻia e 1,3% a i ʻole 173,2 miliona mau ʻāpana - i 12,8 biliona ʻāpana.
ʻAʻole hiki iā Agroexport ke kūʻē
Wahi a ka Ukrainian Agribusiness Club, i Ianuali-ʻAukake 2020, ua hoʻoliʻiliʻi ka lawe ʻia ʻana o nā huahana mahiʻai i kēlā me kēia makahiki i nā manawa kālā e 0,8% - i $ 13,7 biliona. ʻAe, ʻaʻole ia he mea make. Akā ʻike ʻia ke au i lalo o ka lako. ʻOi loa ke noʻonoʻo ʻoe i ka 2019 ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā huahana mahiʻai i hoʻonui ʻia e 2018% hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 19.
ʻO ka emi nui loa o ka lawe aku i nā hua a me nā hua o nā mea kanu i lawe ʻia i ka aila, nā ʻoihana hana a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau, e ʻoi aku ma mua o 36%, ka lako o ka palaoa, malt, starch, nā mea kanu i hana ʻia e 19%, kō, hua a me nā mea hana waiū e 14%, e 9% - nā mea kanu, 7,5% - kaʻiʻo a me 1% - palaoa.
I ka manawa like, hoʻonui nā mea hana i ka lawe aku i nā huahana i hoʻopau ʻia mai nā cereal, palaoa, starch, a me ka waiū e 14%. Ua hoʻonui ʻia ke kūʻai aku ʻana i nā aila mea kanu a me nā momona o nā kumu holoholona e 20%.
ʻO ka hemahema nui o ka agro-export export Ukrainian ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻokumu ʻia ma muli o nā mea maka. ʻO ia, ka mea nui ka palaoa, nā aila, nā hua a me nā mea kanu (hou a paʻahau paha), ʻiʻo. Aia kekahi mau huahana i hoʻopau ʻia a hoʻoponopono ʻia. Inā mākou e kālailai i ke ʻano o ka TOP 15 mahiʻai mahiʻai, 37% ka palaoa, 23% ka mea kanu aila a me nā holoholona momona, 13% pau nā huahana huahana, 6% ka meaʻai me ke kaʻina hana, 5% ka aila, 5% nā holoholona a me 3% - kaʻiʻo a me ka offal.
No laila, loaʻa nā mea hana mahiʻai i ka mea liʻiliʻi, no ka mea pili pono lākou i nā kumukūʻai meaʻai o ka honua. Akā inā ʻo ka lako ka hapa nui o nā huahana i hoʻopau me ka waiwai nui i hoʻohui ʻia, ʻaʻole ka pilikia i loaʻa i ka loaʻa kālā o ka ʻoihana ʻo Ukrainian.