Anastasia Borovkova, Omia Ural LLC, Luna Hoʻolālā Agribusiness
Ua lilo lōʻihi kaʻuala i mea kanu kumumanaʻo i ko mākou ʻāina, i ulu a aneane ma nā wahi āpau o Lūkia, a ʻo nā loli i ke ola o ke kaiāulu holoʻokoʻa e pili ana i ka maʻi ahulau ua hōʻoia hou i ka pono o ka "berena ʻelua" no ka poʻe . ʻAʻole ia he mea kūpono ʻole i hoʻolaha ʻo Qu Dongyu, Luna Hoʻokele o ka Hui Meaʻai a me ʻAiʻai o Nā Aupuni Hui Pū ʻIa (FAO), ʻo 2021 ka makahiki makahiki o nā hua a me nā mea kanu, no laila hāpai i ka ʻike i ke koʻikoʻi o kēia mau huahana no ka meaʻai, ka palekana meaʻai a me ke olakino.
ʻOiai ʻo kēia, ma Rūsia kahi hana e hōʻemi i ka wahi o ka mahi ʻana. Wahi a Rosstat, ʻo ka wahi o ka mahi ʻuala i ka ʻāpana ʻoihana o kaʻuala e ulu ana ma Rūsia ma 2020 i nā māla o nā ʻano āpau i 280,9 tausani hectares, ʻo 8,0% (e 24,4 tausani hectares) ma lalo o 2019. Ma mua o 5 mau makahiki, ua emi lākou ma 22,1% (e 79,7 tausani hectares), ma mua o 10 mau makahiki e - 21,5% (e 77,0 tausani hectares). ʻO ka hua, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, e ulu mau ana a hoʻonui ʻia i nā makahiki he 10 i hala iho nei mai 13,6 t / ha a 24,4 t / ha. Ua lilo kēia i mea hiki ma muli o ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka moʻomeheu o ka ʻenehana mahiʻai ma nā mahiʻai, e like me ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka hoʻohana o nā mea kanu mineral.
I kēia manawa, hana nā mea hana kūloko ma mua o 60 mau ʻano momona. Ma 2021, e like me ke Kuhina o ka Mahiai o ka Russian Federation, ke kūʻai ʻia ʻana o nā mea momona mineral e hoʻolālā ʻia ma ka pae o 4 miliona mau aila wahie, ʻo ia ka 14% ʻoi aku ma mua o ka makahiki i hala.
Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole mau ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, no ka mea, aia nā palena palena no ka hoʻohana pono ʻana o nā mea momona a ʻo kēia, ʻo ka mea mua, ʻo ka acidity haʻahaʻa o ka lepo, kahi e hoʻoliʻiliʻi nui ai i ka pae o ka lawe ʻana o nā meaola e nā mea kanu (Papa 1. ).
1 Pūnaewele
Nutrient absorption rate ma muli o ka lepo pH
pH | 4,5 | 5 | 5,5 | 6 | 6,5 |
N | 30 | 43 | 77 | 89 | 100 |
P2O5 | 23 | 31 | 48 | 52 | 100 |
K2O | 33 | 52 | 77 | 100 | 100 |
Puna: puke Omia White
I kēlā mau kūlana, ʻaʻole wale ka maikaʻi agronomic o ka noi mea hoʻomomona i nalowale, akā ʻo nā nalowale hoʻokele waiwai pū kekahi. E helu mākou, e hoʻohana ana i ka laʻana o ka pākaukau pākaukau, he aha nā nalo o ka hectare i manaʻo ʻia ma ka pH 5,5 a me ka mahele awelika zonal o N120 P100 K240.
Lawe ʻia ka helu ʻana e like me ka haʻilula:
kumu kūʻai mea hoʻomomona | Х | lāʻau hoʻomomona | Х | (100 - assimilability ma kahi pH i hāʻawi ʻia) | = | nā pohō i loko o nā rubles / ha |
Nitrogen (ammonium nitrate)
Nā poho i nā rubles / ha = 13000 * 0,296 * (100-77) = 885,0 rubles / ha
Pākuʻi (ammophos)
Nā poho i nā rubles / ha = 26450 * 0,192 * (100-48) = 2640,7 rubles / ha
Potassium (e like me ka potassium chloride)
Nā poho ma nā rubles / ha = 18000 * 0,4 * (100-80) = 1440 rubles / ha
Huina: 4965,7 rubles / ha
I ka helu, ʻaʻole mākou e noʻonoʻo i nā nalo o ka nele o ka meaʻai kalima ma nā lepo waikawa, i hōʻike ʻia i ka hemahema o nā mea kanu a me ka hōʻino ʻana i ka maikaʻi o nā tubers: ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hōʻeha i ka wā e ʻohi ana, ka hollowness a hakahaka o nā paipu, māwae, ʻili nāwaliwali, a pēlā aku, akā pili kēia i ka uku o nā huahana i pau.
Aia kahi ala i waho - ke kaʻana nei kēia i nā lepo, ka mea e nānā nui nei i ka pae mokuʻāina. ʻO nā pilikia o ka liming kuʻuna e ʻike ʻia e nā poʻe āpau: nā helu noi noi kiʻekiʻe (5-10 t / ha) e hana a loea hoʻi kēia ʻano hana, haʻahaʻa ka hana ʻana a me ka like ʻana o ka hāʻawi ʻana, ʻike ʻia ka hopena nui ma hope o ʻelua mau makahiki a laila emi nui. , ʻilihune hoʻi ka maikaʻi o nā mea lime e kū nei.
Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi huahana hou ma ka mākeke Lūkia i hiki ke hoʻoponopono wikiwiki a me ka maikaʻi i ka pilikia. ʻO Omya kēia ʻO Calciprill® - ka momona momona no ka meaʻai a me ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana o ka lepo i kahi ʻano granular maʻalahi. Hoʻonohonoho pono nā mea hana ʻoi loa-maikaʻi i ka pH a hopena i ka pane wikiwiki ʻana o ka hua. ʻO ʻoe wale a i ʻole hui pū ʻia me nā mea hoʻomomona Omya ʻē aʻe ʻO Calciprill® noi ʻia ma mua o ka lūlū ʻana, i ka wā lūlū a i ʻole nā mea kanu vegetative. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma hope o ka liming kuʻuna, ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hopena o ka lime, ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomomona wikiwiki, nāna e hoʻololi i ka pH i 3-4 mau pule ma hope o ka noi ʻana, a ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hopena, ma ke ʻano he kākoʻo.
Nā pōmaikaʻi nui:
Nā helu noi haʻahaʻa mai 250 a 1000 kg / ha
Ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka lawe nui ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea momona nā kī
Hoʻonohonoho kaulike ʻole o nā wahi nui i ka ʻikepili nui
Ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke ʻano o ka lepo, kona porosity a me ka wai kūpaʻa
Ke hoʻemi nei i ka ʻike o nā ʻano ʻawahia o ka aluminika i ka lepo
Maʻalahi e hoʻopili me nā mea hoʻolaha maʻamau.
No laila, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā hana o kēia mau lā o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o ka acidity o ka lepo a me ka regiment nutritional no nā ʻuala e kōkua i kahi hoʻonui hoʻomau i ka hua a me ka maikaʻi o ka huahana.
Nā Pono o ka hoʻolaha