Ua haʻi aku ka poʻe loea o ka hui "ʻAukake" i nā maʻi o nā mea kanu i hana i ka nui o ka pōʻino i ka mahiʻai Lūkini i kēia makahiki. ʻO ke anuanu a me ke anuanu i nā wahi he nui i hoʻonāukiuki i ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o nā bacterioses o kaʻuala, i hiki ke hoʻonele i nā mahiʻai i kā lākou mea kanu. Hoʻolahalaha koke ka palaoa ophiobosis ma nā kula - i kēia makahiki ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi maʻi fungal ʻaʻole wale ma ka hema, akā ma ka Central Black Earth Region. ʻO ka nui o ka wai ma Kursk a me nā wahi e pili ana i ʻae ʻia ka pauka pauda e hōʻeha i nā pepeiao o ka palaoa. I ka manawa like, ʻo ka pilikia nui o nā mahiʻai ma ka Apana Pekelala Hema - ua maloʻo - ka palena o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi palaoa weliweli loa - fusarium, a ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau hiki ke hana i nā lāʻau make ma muli o mycotoxins. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka nui o nā kūʻai fungicides mai 10 mau mea hana pesticide nui loa ma Rūsia i ka hapa mua o 2020 i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka wā like o 2019 i hoʻonui ʻia mai 17 biliona a 21 biliona rubles (ke kāpae ʻole i ka VAT). ...
I ka makahiki 2020, ua kū hou nā mea hana mahiʻai mai Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Tula, Bryansk i kahi ʻōpala o ka bacteriosis bacteriosis, a aia he 7 mau ʻano. Manaʻo nā Phytopathologists ʻo ke kumu nui o ka hoʻomohala ʻia ʻana o nā maʻi ʻo ia ke ʻano haʻahaʻa o nā ʻanoʻano ma Rūsia: kūʻai pinepine nā mahiʻai i nā ʻuala i loaʻa i nā maʻi ʻē aʻe, e hoʻonui ana i kona wahi. A ʻo kēlā poʻe mahiʻai i hoʻonui i ka nānā i ka maikaʻi o nā huahana i kēia lā e nānā i nā 50-70 mau laʻana o nā ʻano hua ma mua o ke kūʻai ʻana, akā kōkua ka nānā ʻana i ka nānā ʻana e hōʻoki i nā mea pala wale nō.
"I kēia lā ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike i ka maʻi latent me ka bacteriosis e hoʻohana ana i nā ʻano hana i hāʻawi ʻia e GOST, kahi a ka ʻuala hua e pono ai," i ʻōlelo ʻo Dmitry Belov, ke poʻo o ka ʻoihana hoʻomohala huahana o ka hui ʻAukake. - Hiki ke hoʻomaka ke kaʻina hana o ka maʻi me ka ulu ʻana o ke koʻokoʻo - mai ka makuahine a i ʻole mai kahi tuber hou. ʻIke pinepine ʻia ka blackleg, i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā bacteria mai ka genera Pectobacterium a me Dickeya, a he mea maʻamau ia ma nā mahiʻai pilikino. I kekahi manawa ʻike ʻia nā maʻi ma ke kahua germination, akā ʻaʻole paha e ʻike ʻia nā mea kanu - ua nānā mākou i kēia hanana ma nā hectares he nui ma ka ʻāina ʻo Moscow i ʻekolu mau makahiki i hala. Kūleʻa ka pilikia, akā i kēia makahiki ʻike nui ʻia nā bacterioses ma muli o ke ʻano o ke aniau - ʻoi aku ka momona o ka wai a me kahi puna maikaʻi i nā wahi nui o ka mahi ʻuala. ʻO nā ʻuala i hoʻopili ʻia e ka bacteriosis hiki ke "hoʻokahe" i ka wā e waiho ai - i kekahi manawa e hana kēia me nā hale waihona holoʻokoʻa.
Ma ka Apana Pekelala Hema i kēia kau, ua laha kahi ophiobosis i ka palaoa. He maʻi fungal kēia me ka puka manawa ākea o ka hōʻino ʻana o ka hua: hiki ke hōʻike iā ia iho mai ka ʻāpana lau ʻekolu a me ka pae mahi ʻana (ke kūkulu ʻana o nā wana i nā cereala) a hiki i ka wā hoʻoulu, e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka meaʻai mea kanu a, me ka pepeiao. He paʻakikī ka maʻi e hoʻomaopopo: i nā pae mua ua huikau ia me ka pala o ka pakiaka rhizoctonia, ka mea e hoʻopili ana i nā mea kanu i ka South Federal District i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, kahi e hōʻino ai i ka ʻōnaehana a me nā mea e hoʻomāhuahua ai i ka meaʻai o ka mea kanu, akā kau palena ʻia nā hopena i kēia. ʻO ka Ophiobolism, i ka hapanui o nā hihia, kumu o nā pohō nui, a ʻo ka hōʻino mai ia mea hiki i 30% o ka hua. Hoʻolahalaha koke ka maʻi i nā māla - ma kahi o 10% o ka wahi i loaʻa i kēlā me kēia makahiki. He ʻano maʻamau kēia pilikia no ka Teritori Stavropol, ua hoʻomāhuahua ʻia ia ma ka Teritori Krasnodar, a ma 2019-2020. Hoʻomaka ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana o nā hihia kaʻawale i ka Central Black Earth Region.
Hoʻolahalaha ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi, ka poʻe loea o ka ʻoihana "ʻAukake" e kōkua nui ʻia e nā haunaele i ka hoʻohuli ʻana o nā mea kanu, ke ulu nā hua palaoa i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma nā wahi like. ʻAʻohe kumu hana kemika kūpono o ka pale ʻana i ka ophiobolism, akā naʻe, paipai ka ʻoihana e kāohi i kāna hoʻomohala ʻana me nā disinfectants a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā fungicides e kūʻē i nā pathogens ʻē aʻe i ka mua o ka puna - ʻo ka pale o nā mea kanu me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe e hoʻopili maikaʻi me ka ophiobolism.
ʻO Kursk, Oryol, Bryansk, Kaliningrad a me Voronezh mau ʻāina, a ʻo ka Lepupalika ʻo Bashkortostan i kēia makahiki i loaʻa i nā pilikia me ka pauka pauka, i manaʻo ʻia ma ke ʻano he maʻi maʻamau o nā sereala. ʻIke ʻia ma kahi o nā wahi āpau i nā cereala hoʻoilo a hoʻomohala i nā kūlana o nā mea kanu nui, nā mahana haʻahaʻa, a me ka lawa pono o ka wai a me nā mea momona. Me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka mahana a me ka emi o ka nui o ka wai, ma ka maʻamau o Mei, "hele" ka maʻi ma o ia iho - keu hoʻi ma ka hema o Lūkia. Akā i kēia makahiki, no ka laʻana, ma ka moku ʻo Kursk, ʻaʻole i emi ka nui o ka wai, ua hoʻomaka ka maʻi e hoʻokokoke i nā pepeiao a hoʻomaka nā mahiʻai i nā lāʻau fungicidal. ʻO nā kumu like i nā wahi i kapa ʻia i hāʻawi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā peronosporosis i nā soybeans - hiki i kēia maʻi ke hōʻino i 20% o ka hua.
ʻO ka lūlū pinepine ʻana o ka sunflower ma kahi like e hoʻonāukiuki i ka hiʻona o nā maʻi e like me ka popo, phomopsis, downy agupau, a me nā ʻano palaho - sclerotinosis, botrytis. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻano maʻamau nā ʻinoʻino no nā wahi Samara, Saratov, Voronezh a me Volgograd, a i ka makahiki 2020 ʻaʻole i loli ka laha o kā lākou hoʻolaha.
Eia nō naʻe, kahi hanana kūikawā ʻole i kēia kau nā maʻi maʻi ʻole o ka sunflower, ʻo ia hoʻi ka wela wela: ua make nā ʻāpana o nā mea kanu me ke kumu ʻole, a ʻaʻole hōʻike nā anamanaʻo i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā agena infectious. ʻIke ʻia kēia kokoke i nā wahi āpau - mai Stavropol a i Volgograd.
A ʻo kahi maʻi hou aʻe, ʻike ʻia nā laha i hōʻike ʻia i ka makahiki 2020, ʻo ia ka popo, nāna i hoʻopōʻino nā mea kanu mai ka Central Black Earth Region a hiki i Altai.
"ʻIke mua ʻia ke kalena ma ke ʻano he kiko ʻalani-ʻeleʻele ma nā lau o ka hua, a i ka wā o ka ʻohiʻohi ʻana, piʻi nā ao spore ma hope o nā ʻohi ma nā pā pi i loaʻa. ʻO kēia pū kekahi maʻi fungus, ʻo ka pālahalaha ʻia ʻana o ia mea i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka wā mākū ma nā wahi he nui. Eia hou, ua hōʻike iā ia iho ma lalo o ke kau maloʻo ma kēlā mau wahi kahi i loaʻa ai kahi "waihona" kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻi, e like me ka mea i hana ʻia, ma Altai, "wahi a Dmitry Belov.
Ma ka laulaha, ʻōlelo ka loea i ka pilikia nui no ka hapa nui o nā mahiʻai ma 2020 ʻaʻole nā mea kanu kanu, akā ua maloʻo. Ma ke ala, ʻo ia no kēia makahiki ʻaʻole i ʻeha nā mea kanu mai kahi maʻi weliweli e like me fusarium, ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻemi i ke kaupaona o ka palaoa, akā hoʻopōʻino hoʻi ia i ke olakino ma muli o mycotoxins. ʻO ka manawa wehewehe no ka hoʻomohala ʻana o Fusarium ka māū i ka pua ʻana o ka palaoa - i ke ʻano o ka ua a me ka hau. Akā i nā kūlana inā ʻaʻohe ua nui, ʻaʻohe kumu no ka maʻi. Ma mua, ua hōʻeha kēia maʻi i nā mea kanu ma Kuban, ma ka Teritori Stavropol, i ka hui o nā wahi o ka Central Black Earth Region, ma Altai - kahi i noho aliʻi ai ka maloʻo i kēia kau.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ua ʻōlelo ka poʻe loea o ka hui "ʻAukake" i nā wahi i lawa ka momona (ʻo kēia, ma Moscow, Smolensk, Bryansk mau wahi), mālama ʻia nā wahi hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo. I loko ona iho, ʻaʻole kēia he maʻi: moe nā cereala ke hana ʻia kahi pepeiao ikaika ma lalo o nā kūlana o ka meaʻai maikaʻi, akā mai ka nui o ka wai, aia nā hunaola i kahi ʻano nāwaliwali a ʻaʻole hiki ke kū i ka makani. I mea e pale ai i kēia, hoʻohana nā mahiʻai i nā mea hoʻokele ulu e hoʻopōkole a hoʻoikaika i ke koʻokoʻo ma muli o ka hoʻonohonoho kokoke o nā internode haʻahaʻa i kekahi i kekahi. Akā inā ʻaʻole i lawe ʻia nā ana, a laila ke waiho nā mea kanu, "kahe" ka palaoa a hoʻomaka paha e kupu pono i loko o ka pepeiao, a ʻo ke kokoke o nā hua i ka honua ma ke ʻano he kumu o ka maʻi e hoʻonāukiuki i ka maʻi.
Kūʻē i ke kumu o ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka maʻi i ʻike ʻia o nā mea kanu, nā ʻākena no kā lākou kaohi ʻana - fungicides - ke lanakila nei i ka mākeke kūloko. No laila, e like me ka 10 nui o nā mea hana pesticides ma Rūsia, ke kūʻai aku nei i nā fungicides i ka hapa mua o 2020 i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka wā like i hoʻokahi makahiki ma mua i hoʻonui ʻia e kahi hapahā - mai 17 biliona a 21 biliona rubles (koe ka VAT). No ka hoʻohālikelike: ua hoʻonui ʻia ka huina kūʻai aku o nā pesticides i ka hapa mua o ka makahiki e 18% - mai 65 biliona a i 77 biliona rubles (koe ka VAT).
"ʻO ka mākeke no nā fungicides - nā lāʻau e kūʻē i nā maʻi kanu - ke ulu mau nei, - wahi a Dmitry Belov. - Ma ʻEulopa, i nā ʻōlelo kālā, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka mākeke no nā mea mālama i ka nāhelehele - nā mea make, ʻoiai ma Rūsia kā lākou kūʻai aku e lanakila nui nei i ka ʻāpana holoʻokoʻa I nā ʻāina ʻEulopa me nā hua hua kiʻekiʻe, hiki i 4 mau lāʻau fungicidal ke mālama ʻia i kēlā me kēia kau. Ma Rūsia, i ka makahiki i hala, ua like kēia coefficient me 1,5, malia paha i kēia makahiki e hoʻokokoke ana ʻo ia i 2. I kēia lā, hoʻomaikaʻi nā mea mahiʻai kūloko ma nā wahi āpau i ka meaʻai mineral o nā mea kanu a alakaʻi ʻia e ka hoʻolauna ʻana o nā ʻano hua kiʻekiʻe e kūʻē i nā ʻano i kū i ke kū i nā maʻi, akā kaupalena ʻia ka hua. ʻAe kēia iā mākou e wānana e hoʻomau ka ulu ʻana o ka mākeke fungicide, a ma nā ʻano o ka hoʻonui ʻia o nā wahi i mahi ʻia a me ke alapine o nā lapaʻau ʻana. "
Nā mea i hāʻawi ʻia e ka lawelawe kaomi o ka ʻoihana "ʻAukake"