E hoʻonui kākou i nā mea kanu ma ka ʻāina ākea - me kahi huaʻōlelo i kēia makahiki, kokoke nā wahi āpau o Rūsia i ka wā lūlū. E kūʻē i kēia ʻano, ʻike paha nā mea hoʻolako hua i ka koi wikiwiki no kā lākou huahana?
He aha nā ʻano a me nā hybrids i kaulana loa i nā mahiʻai? Aia kekahi pilikia me nā lako ma lalo o nā hoʻopaʻi a he aha nā loli i ka mākeke e manaʻo ʻia i ka wā e hiki mai ana?
Ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i kēia me Evgeny Medvedev, Luna Nui o PRESTIGE AGRO LLC.
Ke kūʻai aku nei ʻo PRESTIGE AGRO LLC i nā hua mai nā hale hānai maikaʻi loa o ʻEulopa a me Lūkia ma mua o 20 mau makahiki.
- Evgeny Vladimirovich, hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo ua kūʻai aku kāu ʻoihana i nā hua kanu i kēia makahiki? E nui ana nā mea kanu i ka hāʻule?
- Aia nā mea a pau i ka makahiki āu e makemake ai e hoʻohālikelike. Inā mākou e hoʻohālikelike i nā kumukūʻai kūʻai o kēia kau a me ka mea hope loa, a laila aia maoli ka piʻi, a he mea nui. Akā e like me koʻu mau manaʻo, ʻo 2021 ka makahiki i hōʻemi ʻia ai ka wahi ma lalo o ka pūʻulu mea kanu i kona kiʻekiʻe loa i nā makahiki he 10 i hala. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o kēia manawa e kanu ʻia nā mea kanu ma mua o hoʻokahi makahiki i hala aku nei ʻaʻole ia e hōʻoiaʻiʻo e loaʻa iā mākou ke koena o ka hana i ka hāʻule.
- He aha ke kumu o ka emi ʻana o ka lewa ma 2021?
- ʻO kēia ka hopena o nā loli i hana ʻia ma ka mākeke i nā makahiki 10-15 i hala.
Manaʻo wau he nui ka poʻe e hoʻomanaʻo pehea, mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka makahiki 2000, ua hoʻomaka ke ʻano o ke kūʻai aku ʻana i nā huahana mahiʻai e hoʻololi i Rusia. I kēlā mau makahiki, ua ulu ikaika nā kaulahao kūʻai, a neʻe mālie nā huahana mai nā mākeke i nā hale kūʻai kaulahao. Ma kahi o 2010, hiki mai ka huli ʻana i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai nā kaulahao kūʻai e pāʻani i kahi ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā mākeke i ka huina kūʻai o nā mea kanu o ka hui borscht. I loko o kēia wā, hoʻomaka nā hale paʻa nui e hōʻike i ka hoihoi i ka ulu ʻana i nā mea kanu a me nā ʻuala. Hoʻonohonoho koke ʻo Agroholdings i ka hana, ʻoiai e noho ana i ka niche o nā mahiʻai liʻiliʻi. Akā ʻo kēlā me kēia ʻoihana mahiʻai nui i hele i kona ala ponoʻī, ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou i hoʻokaʻawale i ka hana: ua nānā kekahi i ka ulu ʻana i nā mea maka no ka chips a i ʻole french fries, ua hoʻololi kekahi i ka cereals a i ʻole nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe. Mai ka makahiki 2017, ua ʻike mākou i ka nalowale makahiki o ka wahi ma ka hui borscht. E hāʻawi wau iā ʻoe i kahi hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī: i waena o kā mākou mea kūʻai aku aia kahi hui nui i ʻike i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻuala a me nā kāloti. I ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoihoi i nā mea kanu, ua ulu lākou i nā kāloti ma kahi o 380 mau ʻeka, akā mai ka makahiki 2017 ua hoʻemi iki lākou i ka nui. I ka makahiki i hala ua hāʻawi lākou i 70 mau ʻeka no nā kāloti, ʻoi aku ka ʻokoʻa ma mua o ʻelima mau manawa!
- A ʻo kēia ke kūlana no nā mea kanu ʻai āpau o ka borscht set?
- E pili ana kēia i nā mea kanu aʻa. Ma kahi kaʻawale, e hoʻokaʻawale wau i ke kāpeti wale nō. Ua mākaukau nā Agroholdings e hana me nā ʻuala, kāloti, beets, i nā hihia liʻiliʻi, nā aniani - ʻo ia hoʻi, kēlā mau mea kanu i kūpono no ka ʻohi mechanized. He kakaikahi o lakou i hooikaika e kanu i ke kapi. ʻO ka hopena, he kakaikahi ka poʻe e hoʻohua mai ia mea, a i kēia manawa ʻo kēia mea kanu i ka hapa nui loa ma ka mākeke, ke ulu wikiwiki nei nā kumukūʻai no ia mea.
“He paʻakikī loa kēia makahiki no nā mea hoʻolako hua. Hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe mahiʻai i ka nele o kekahi mau hybrids ma ka mākeke. He aha nā kumu o ka nele?
- Aia nō nā pilikia me ka hoʻolako ʻana i kekahi mau hybrids, a i kekahi mau manawa pono mākou e koho i nā koho ʻē aʻe no ke pani. ʻO kekahi kumu nui o ka hemahema ʻo ka maʻi maʻi. I ka makahiki 2020, ma ka nalu o ka panic, ua pani nā hui nui ʻEulopa i kahi ʻāpana o nā pūnaewele hua. E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ʻelua mau makahiki ka hana ʻana i nā hua o ka hapa nui o nā mea kanu, i ka makahiki mua e ulu ana kahi mea kanu makuahine, i ka makahiki ʻelua e puka mai nā hua. Ma 2021, liʻiliʻi nā hua i hōʻiliʻili ʻia, a ua alakaʻi kēia i nā pilikia. Manaʻo wau i ka makahiki aʻe e hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka nui o ka hana, i ke kauwela i hala aku nei ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hana ʻana o nā wahi kanu hua.
Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ke kūlana ma ka mākeke hua ma ka ʻāina holoʻokoʻa, a laila i kēia makahiki ua lilo ka pilikia o ka hemahema o nā hua kāloti. Ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hoʻokomo ʻo Rosselkhoznadzor i nā loiloi hou o nā pūʻulu kāloti i lawe ʻia mai no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (ke kumu kumu o ka maʻi Zebra chip). ʻO ka hopena, ʻaʻole i komo kahi hapa o ka hana i ka mākeke Lūkini, kahi i hoʻonui ai i ke kūlana hemahema. ʻAʻole pili pono kēia kūlana i kā mākou hui, akā hele mai nā mea kūʻai hou iā mākou i hiki ʻole ke kūʻai i nā hua mai nā mea hoʻolako ʻē aʻe.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe o kā mākou mea kūʻai hou a maʻamau i waiho ʻole me ke kanu ʻana i nā mea kanu, akā ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka manawa - e noʻonoʻo ana i nā mea a pau i luna, a me ka paheʻe o ka logistic a me nā uku.
- ʻAʻole makaʻu nā mea kūʻai aku i nā kumukūʻai hou no nā hua? Manaʻo wau ua koi ʻia ʻoe e hoʻonui i ke kumukūʻai o nā huahana ma muli o ka lele ʻana o nā kumukūʻai?
Ua hoʻonui ʻia nā kumukūʻai, akā ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia. Ua hana mākou me nā mea kūʻai aku no nā makahiki, ʻaʻohe makemake e loaʻa kālā iā lākou. ʻAe, ua loaʻa iā mākou nā lako i hiki ke kiʻekiʻe o ka piʻi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai kūʻai, a ua koi ʻia mākou e kūʻai aku i kēia mau ʻāpana ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi. Akā ʻo kēlā mau hua i lawe ʻia i Rusia ma mua o Pepeluali 24, kūʻai aku mākou me ka uku ʻole.
I kēia manawa, aia i loko o kā mākou hui nā kūlana i kūʻai ʻia - mai waena o nā mea i hele mai iā mākou i ka hoʻomaka o Malaki. Akā inā ʻoe e hōʻike i ka "mehana maʻamau i ka haukapila", hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi i nā kumukūʻai.
I ka manawa like, aia ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka makahiki aʻe e ulu mau lākou. E hoʻomaka kākou me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ke piʻi nei ka inflation ʻaʻole wale ma Rūsia, akā ma ʻEulopa hoʻi. No nā makahiki he nui, ua mau ka inflation ma nā ʻāina ʻEulopa i ka pae o 1-2%. Hoʻonui ka hapa nui o nā ʻoihana i nā kumukūʻai i kēlā me kēia makahiki ʻelua, ma ka 2% like, a no kā mākou mea hoʻolako i ʻike ʻole ʻia ka ʻokoʻa. I kēia manawa, e like me ka ʻikepili maʻamau, ʻo ka piʻi ʻana o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻāina euro a hiki i 12%, a he mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻolohe ʻole i kēlā ʻano uku.
ʻO ka lua, ke piʻi nui nei ka logistic. ʻO kahi laʻana, ma mua o ke kumukūʻai o ka lawe ʻana i ka ukana ma ke kaʻa mai Farani a i ʻole Holland i loko o ka palena kiʻekiʻe o 3,5-4 tausani euros, i kēia manawa he 8-9 tausani euros. No nā hua, ʻaʻole like me ka ʻuala, nā mea kanu a me nā ukana kaumaha ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole kēia ka mea nui loa o ke kumukūʻai o ka huahana hope, akā pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia.
A ʻo kēia wale nō ka piko o ka hau hau. He aha nā pilikia a mākou e kū ai i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kau kūʻai hou, hiki i kekahi ke koho wale.
- Hiki iā ʻoe ke kuhikuhi i nā loli i nā makemake o nā mea kūʻai aku i kēia kau? Ua lohe au, no ka laʻana, ʻo ka pūnaewele kālepa XManaʻo ʻo 5 e nānā pono nā mea mahiʻai i ka mahi ʻana i nā ʻano kāloti ʻano cone.
- ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona nui o ka mākeke Lūkini i nā makahiki i hala iho nei: ka maʻalahi a me ka hoʻonui. Hoʻoikaika nā māla e hoʻokō i ka mechanization kiʻekiʻe o nā kaʻina hana, hoʻemi i ka helu o nā limahana. Hoʻohana nā paʻa mahiʻai i nā mīkini hana kiʻekiʻe, nā kāloti ʻohi like (me ka hoʻokele ponoʻī, ʻelua a ʻekolu lālani), akā naʻe, hoʻokele pinepine ʻia kēia mau mīkini e nā poʻe i aʻo maikaʻi ʻole ʻia. He wikiwiki a paʻakikī ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe. ʻO kēia mau mea a pau e hoʻoikaika i ka poʻe mahiʻai e hāʻawi i ka makemake i ka mahiʻai ʻana i nā kāloti shantane-type (he ʻano conical wale nō), ʻaʻole i emi iki ke koʻikoʻi mechanical stress, akā ʻaʻole kēia ke koho maikaʻi loa e pili ana i ka ʻono, ke ola papa, a me ka hua.
Hiki iā mākou ke hāʻawi aku i nā mea kūʻai aku hybrids e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (e 30-40%), akā me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, e like nā poho i ka 30-40%. Hāʻawi ʻia iā mākou e noho nei, ʻo ia ke kumu e ulu nui ai nā ʻano ʻano shantane i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
ʻO kahi ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka shantane ʻo ia ke ʻano kuroda, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā poho i ka wā o ka ʻohi mīkini paʻakikī, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hua, ke ola a me ke kūpono no ka holoi ʻana.
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka noi no kekahi mau ʻano i nā makahiki. ʻO nā kāloti mua i hana ʻia e Rūsia e hōʻea i nā hale kūʻai mai ka hema o ka ʻāina. Ma kēia mau ʻāina, ma muli o ka lepo a me nā kūlana climatic, ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka shantane i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka mahiʻai ʻana, no laila ua maʻa ka mākeke iā ia a "wikiwiki" ma ka shantane. Akā ʻaʻole mālama maikaʻi kēia mau kāloti. Ma hope o ka Makahiki Hou, aia kahi hoʻololi i ka wā e neʻe ai ka mākeke i nā ʻano Kuroda a me Nantes. Eia kekahi, ua helu ʻia nā mea hope i nā kaulahao kūʻai ma ke ʻano he premium. Ma ke ʻano maʻamau, mālama ʻia nā wahi maikaʻi loa ma ka papa mea kanu o ka hale kūʻai no nā kāloti i ulu ʻia a ʻohi ʻia me ka lima ma ka ʻĀkau-West (e like me ke kānāwai, ʻo ia ka ʻāina Novgorod, peat bogs), a i ʻole no ka ʻIseraʻela holoi. Ma nā hihia ʻelua, ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i ke ʻano ʻano ʻano Nantes.
No nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe, maʻamau nā mea āpau ma laila: makemake nā kānaka i ka maʻi liʻiliʻi o nā mea kanu, hāʻawi i ka ʻohi waiwai, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i nā huahana.
- I kēia manawa ua ʻōlelo ʻia e pili ana i ka pono e hoʻomohala i ka koho home. Hiki paha ke pani ʻia kekahi o nā kūlana ʻEulopa āu e hāʻawi nei i nā mea kūʻai aku i kēia lā e nā Lūkini?
- E hauʻoli nui wau i ka ulu ʻana o nā koho home. Ke hana nei nā mea hoʻolale akamai loa ma Rūsia, loaʻa lākou i nā hopena maikaʻi loa. Aia nā mea kanu i hiki ai iā Rūsia ke hoʻokūkū mua me ʻEulopa ma kahi pae like, akā ʻaʻole ia he kī i ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka palekana o ka meaʻai. Hiki iaʻu ke inoa i nā ʻano ʻano maikaʻi o ka dill, nā kukama; ke holomua nei ka pili o ka uala, a ke holo nei ka hana o ke kapi. Akā kokoke i ka nui o nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka hui borscht i ulu i ko mākou ʻāina mai nā hua i lawe ʻia mai.
Mai ka ʻike ʻoihana, he mea kupanaha loa ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ʻano a me nā hybrids o nā mea kanu e ka ʻāina. He liʻiliʻi wale nō nā ʻoihana hānai nui ma ka honua, hana lākou āpau ma ka ʻāina o nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe a kokoke i pili i kekahi mokuʻāina. He moʻolelo lōʻihi ko nā mea a pau (me nā ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe, hoʻokahi haneli), ʻo ia hoʻi, ke hana nei ka hana ma ka hana ʻana i kekahi mau ʻano a me nā hybrids ma laila no nā makahiki he mau makahiki. Nui ke kālā e hoʻopukapuka ʻia, ʻo nā manaʻo maikaʻi loa ke huki ʻia nei. Aia ka hoʻokūkū koʻikoʻi ma waena o kēia mau kikowaena hānau, no laila, loaʻa i nā mea kūʻai aku nā hoʻokō maikaʻi loa o ka hānau ʻana o kēia wā.
I loko o ka hui o kā mākou hui, no ka laʻana, aia nā haneli o nā ʻano ʻEulopa a me nā hybrids o kāloti, akā 10-15 mau mea wale nō i koi ʻia. Ma ke ʻano he kūlana, he mau kūlana pipiʻi kēia, no ke aha e makemake ai nā mea mahiʻai e lawe i kēlā mau kumukūʻai?
E lawe mākou i kahi ʻano kāloti conditional, i hana ʻia i kekahi mau makahiki i hala aku nei, a me kahi hybrid maikaʻi loa o kēia manawa o ka hua like. Ma waena o lākou a ma mua o ka lele ʻana o ke kālā he ʻokoʻa nui loa i ke kumukūʻai, ʻelima a ʻumi mau manawa.
ʻO nā hua o nā kāloti varietal no ka 1 ha ke kumu kūʻai ma waena o 10-12 tausani rubles, a me nā hua hybrid - mai ka hui hana like - ua 80 tausani rubles. Akā e ʻokoʻa ka hua ma ka liʻiliʻi o 20 tons / ha, a ʻo 20 tons aia ma kahi o 300 tausani rubles. E noʻonoʻo kākou ua hoʻonui ʻia nā kumukūʻai no nā hua e 25%, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma kahi o 80 tausani rubles. pono ka mea mahiʻai e lilo i 100 rubles, akā i kēia hihia e lanakila ʻo ia. A noʻonoʻo wale mākou i ke kumukūʻai o nā hua a manaʻo mākou e kūʻai pololei ʻia ka mea kanu mai ke kula. Akā aia kekahi mau kumu ʻē aʻe: no ka laʻana, inā kūʻai ka mea mahiʻai i kahi hybrid kūʻē i ka maʻi, mālama ʻo ia i nā huahana pale mea kanu. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola o ka hybrid hou ma mua o kahi ʻano maʻamau.
ʻO ka hana nui a ka mea mahiʻai ʻo ka loaʻa kālā, no laila ke ʻimi nei ʻo ia i nā hua e hiki ai iā ia ke hana i kēia.
- He aha, i kou manaʻo, e pale i ka hana ʻana o ia mau hybrids ma Rusia?
“ʻEkolu wale nō mea. ʻO ka mea mua, i kēia manawa ʻaʻole mākou i hoʻokahi (e like me kaʻu ʻike) maʻemaʻe e ulu ana i ka hua ma ko mākou ʻāina (ʻaʻole maoli, akā ma ka pae o ke kānāwai). Akā ua hoʻopau loa ʻia kēia pilikia.
Me ka lua, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī: ma Rūsia, ma muli o ke ʻano o ke aniau, ʻaʻole nui nā wahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hana i nā hua kanu. ʻOiaʻiʻo, hiki ke hana ʻia kēia hana ma ke kikowaena o Moscow - i loko o kahi hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo, e like me ka Timiryazev Academy, akā e kiʻekiʻe loa ke kumukūʻai o ia mau hua, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā manawa ma mua o nā Dutch a i ʻole Farani. Pono mākou i nā wahi kūikawā kahi e hiki ai ke ulu i nā hua ma kahi ākea. No kekahi mau moʻomeheu (akā, ʻaʻole no nā mea a pau!) Aia nā wahi like. No ka laʻana, i nā makahiki Soviet, ua loaʻa maikaʻi nā hua kāpeti ma Dagestan. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻāʻo e hoʻāla hou i ka hana, akā pono kēia i nā loea, nui ke kālā a me ka manawa. I ka manawa like, ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ulu ʻia nā hua kāpeti ma ke kauoha a nā mea hoʻolalelale ma nā wahi kūikawā ma kahi o. ʻO Tasmania, ma Chile a me Argentina, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kēia ala i ka manawa a me ke kumu kūʻai.
A ʻo ke kolu, nui. He mau makahiki ke koho ana.
I ka manawa i hāʻawi ʻia iaʻu i kēia wehewehe: "E noʻonoʻo ʻoe he mea hānai wau a loaʻa iaʻu kahi hoʻolālā hana no kēlā me kēia lā me ke kuleana ʻole e hana hewa. Akā, loaʻa iaʻu nā ʻano mea kanu ʻāhiu wale nō i koʻu makemake. He 40 mau makahiki e hana ai i kahi hybrid hou. " A he oiaio. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻaʻohe mea e hana e like me kēia i kēia manawa, hele nā mea hoʻolale i nā laina o kēia wā, akā inā paha i mākaukau nā ʻepekema i nā laina i hoʻomākaukau ʻia, kahi e puka mai ai kahi hybrid maikaʻi, e ʻike ʻia ka hopena ma mua o 6-8 mau makahiki.
A he koho wale nō kēia, me ka ʻole o ʻelua mau makahiki hou no ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana a me ka hana hua.
Ke haʻi hou aku nei au, aia nā breeders ikaika loa ma Rusia, loaʻa iā lākou kā lākou mau mea pono'ī, akā inā hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻokomo i kēia kuhikuhi i kēia manawa,ʻaʻole e loaʻa i ka mea kūʻai ka hybrid e pono ai i ka wā e hiki mai ana, a i ka makahiki, a hiki i ka ʻelima.
- He aha kā mākou e hoʻomākaukau ai no ka wā e hiki mai ana?
- E hoʻomau ka ʻāina i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka wahi o ka mahiʻai ʻana i nā mea kanu o ka hui borscht, ʻoiai ʻo ia e hala i ʻekolu mau makahiki a hiki i ke koena o ka makahiki kiʻekiʻe o 2017. ʻAʻole hiki i ka mākeke ke hoʻi hou i hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha kau. A e hoʻāʻo mākou e hāʻawi i nā mea hana mahiʻai me nā hua kiʻekiʻe, a ke hoʻāʻo nei mākou e hoʻokō i kēia.
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