E heluhelu e pili ana i nā akua o kaʻuala a me kāna poʻe PR, pehea i lawe ʻia ai ka lau nahele i waho o ʻEulopa a pehea i kōkua ai nā kiaʻi kiaʻi i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o kēia mea kanu, heluhelu ʻia ma ka ʻāpana "History of Science"
No ʻAmelika Hema ʻAmelika ka uala kamaʻāina, kahi i mahi ʻia ma kahi o 8000 mau makahiki i hala. I loko o kēia manawa, ua hoʻomohala nā mahiʻai kūloko ma kahi o 200 mau ʻano mea kanu, a he waihoʻoluʻu ʻulaʻula a ʻano like ʻole paha ka tuber, a hoʻomohala pū kekahi i nā maʻi, nā mea kolo a me ka hau.
No nā lāhui Andes, ʻo kaʻuala, hiki iā lākou ke ulu i nā ʻano koʻikoʻi o nā kuahiwi a mālama no ka manawa lōʻihi inā loaʻa ʻole kahi hua (hoʻomaloʻo a paʻa paha), he mea nui ia. ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha he akua ponoʻī kāna i loko o ka Pantheon Inca - ʻo Aksomama, kekahi o nā kaikamahine a ke akua wahine honua, ʻo Pachamama.
ʻO nā wehewehe o kaʻuala a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe a nā Indians i hoʻohana ai i loaʻa i loko o kekahi poʻe Paniolo - nā mea i komo ʻaʻole wale i nā pūʻali koa, akā i ke aʻo ʻana i ke ola o nā kamaʻāina kūloko. Ua waiho ʻia kēlā mau moʻolelo e Gonzalo Jimenez de Quesada, ka luna o New Grenada (Colombia), a me kahi prototype o Don Quixote, kahunapule a me ka haku mele ʻo Juan de Castellanos, nāna i aʻo i ka poʻe o ʻAmelika Hema a wehewehe i ka ʻuala i kāna mele e pili ana i ka naʻi aupuni o Colombia a me Venezuela.
ʻO nā mea kaulana loa nā wehewehe o ka mea kanu i hana ʻia e Pedro Cieza de Leon - ka mea ʻimi no ʻAmelika Hema, nāna i wehewehe ka moʻolelo o kona naʻi aupuni. Ua komo ʻo ia i ka hoʻokūkū, ua hala i nā panalāʻau o nā ʻāina he nui me nā naʻi aupuni. Ma waho aʻe o kaʻuala, ua kamaʻilio ʻo ia e pili ana i nā avocados a me nā paina, nā alpacas, anaconda, sloths, a me nā posum. Ua ʻike ʻo ia i nā geoglyphs o Nazca, nā uwapo hoʻomaha a me nā hōʻailona ma nā Inca Roads. ʻO ka ʻāpana mua o kāna hana nui nui, ʻo Chronicle o Peru, i paʻi ʻia ma Seville ma 1553, ke koena i hala ma ke kenekulia XNUMX. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo De Leon ka mea mua e lawe i kaʻuala i ʻEulopa.
Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole lawa ka lawe wale ʻana i nā tubers i ka ʻāina. Inā haʻalele wale ka mea kanu i kahi anuanu anuanu (ua ulu ʻia i nā kuahiwi, a ʻaʻole pilikia nui ka hoʻomaka mua ʻana o ka hāʻule), a laila ua hōʻemi loa kahi lā kauwela i ka hua o kaʻuala. ʻAʻohe ʻae i ka hopena o kēia pilikia. Maliʻa paha ka lā hoʻomanawanui o ka lā lōʻihi mai ka laha ʻana o ka ʻanoʻano o ka ʻuala. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ua hiki i kekahi moku ke lawe mai i kekahi ʻano ʻuala - mai ka hema o Chile.
ʻO ke kū mai o kaʻuala ma ʻEnelani a me ʻIlani, nona ka moʻolelo i hana nui ai ka hana, pili pū ʻia me ka inoa o ka makemakika Pelekania, astronomer a me ka mea unuhi ʻo Thomas Harriott. Ua huakaʻi ʻo ia i ʻAmelike ʻĀkau, ua aʻo i ka ʻōlelo o kekahi o nā ʻohana kūloko, he mau mahina wale nō i hala ua kahakaha ʻo Galileo i ka mahina ke ʻike ʻo ia ma o kahi teleskope, pili like me Johannes Kepler a paipai i nā hōʻailona makemakika <and> e hōʻike i nā manaʻo "emi" a "nui". Ua aʻa maikaʻi nā ʻuala i lawe ʻia e ia ma ʻIlalani, kahi i hāʻawi maikaʻi ai lākou i ka hōʻiliʻili a lilo i mea kākoʻo i ka heluna heluna kanaka o ka ʻāina. Akā ʻo kaʻoiaʻiʻo o ka hapakolu o ka ʻIlalani i hilinaʻi i ka ʻuala ma ke ʻano he waiwai kekahi o kā lākou kumu nui o ka meaʻai (Harriot hiki ʻole ke ʻike mua iā ia) mai 20% a 25% o ka heluna kanaka o ka ʻāina. Ua haʻalele kekahi 1,5 miliona mau kānaka i ka ʻāina a mau loa aku.
Eia nō naʻe, ma ke ʻano nui, i ʻEulopa, ʻaʻole i lawe koke ʻia kaʻuala, a ua lōʻihi ka manawa ma mua o ka mahalo ʻana o ka poʻe kamaʻāina i ka unpretentiousness a me nā mea pono o ka mea kanu. Ua ʻōlelo kūʻē aku ka poʻe mahiʻai, ka hale pule, a me kekahi poʻe Slavophile ma Lūkia i ka mea kanu kamaʻāina ʻole. Ua pale ʻia ka nele o ka ʻike: ua kuhihewa kaʻuala no kahi mea kanu hoʻonaninani, hoʻāʻo lākou e ʻai i kāna mau huaʻawahia (nā hua ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele e like me nā ʻōmato liʻiliʻi).
Akā mahalo koke ka poʻe mahiʻai i nā ʻano maikaʻi o kaʻuala. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻaʻole i lawe pinepine ʻia e nā pūʻali ʻenemi e hele nei i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā hua palaoa, a ua lilo ia i kumu hilinaʻi i ka meaʻai i nā makahiki anuanu, i ka wā e hua ai ka hua. Makemake nā mea ʻona ʻoiai ʻaʻole kūpono e mālama e like me ka palaoa, ʻaʻole pono ia i nā wili palaoa. I 1600, ua hoʻohālikelike ka agronomist Palani ʻo Olivier de Serre i ka ʻono o kaʻuala i ka truffle. Eia naʻe, ʻo ke kumu pono o ka huaʻolelo "ʻuala" mai ka Kelemania ia Kālepa a me Ikalia tartufo - "truffle".
Ua hoʻokūpaʻa ʻia nā mea pono o ka ʻuala e nā ʻepekema e like me Antoine Parmentier, ka mea kākau o ka ʻenehana no ka hana ʻana i ke kō mai ka beets a me ka mea nāna i hoʻonohonoho i ka paukū lāʻau lapaʻau puʻupuʻu puʻupuʻu. Ma hope o ka pio Prussian, kahi e pono ai ʻo ia e ʻai i ka ʻuala, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻolaha ikaika i kēia mea kanu, e hōʻike ana i nā mea kupaianaha o ke akamai. Ua hana ʻo ia i nā pua pua kaʻuala no nā mea hanohano (ua komo pū ʻo Marie Antoinette i ka pāpale ma ka pāpale), ʻumeʻume ʻia ka poʻe kaulana (e laʻa me Benjamin Franklin a ʻo Antoine Lavoisier) i "hoʻolaha" ʻana, a me kona ʻike ponoʻī i ke ʻano kanaka (e hōʻike ana i nā mea kaua, ʻaʻole naʻe kiaʻi makaʻala loa).
I kēia lā, ʻo kaʻuala ka mea kanu aʻa i makemake nui ʻia, ma o ka hala loa ʻana i ka uala a me nā ʻuala e pili ana i ke kaupaona o nā mea kanu i ulu ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Noho mau ʻo Kina i alakaʻi, a ukali ʻia e India a me Lūkia. No laila, kanu ka mea kanu, mai ʻAmelika Hema, aʻa ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe o ka honua a hānai pinepine i mau miliona mau kānaka.
Source: https://indicator.ru