Ua loaʻa i nā kānaka ʻepekema ma ke Kulanui o Utah nā hōʻike e hoʻohana ana nā lāhui ʻōiwi o ʻAmelika Hema i kaʻuala ʻāhiu no ka meaʻai ma mua o ka 10 mau makahiki i hala.
ʻO ka moʻaukala o ka ʻai ʻana i kaʻuala ʻāhiu ma mua o ka mahi ʻana o nā kānaka i maopopo maopopo a kaupalena ʻia a hiki i ʻAmelika Hema. No laila, i ka 2016, ua loaʻa nā ʻepekema i nā hōʻike e ʻike nā Indians i ka Andes i ka mahi ʻuala ma kahi o 5000 mau makahiki i hala. I ʻAkau ʻĀkau a me ʻAmelika Waena, ma ka liʻiliʻi he 20 mau lūlū aʻa hihiu mai ka genus Solanum (hale ʻohana nighthade), akā ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia ko lākou mea nui i nā papaʻai o nā ʻAmelika kahiko. Ua hoʻopihapiha nā mea kālaiʻike ʻAmelika i kēia āpau a hana i kahi kālailai o nā granula starch i loaʻa ma kekahi o nā pūnaewele kahiko.
ʻIke hoʻohana uala hihiu Puʻupuʻu Solanum ua kiʻi ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hema, ma ke awāwa ʻo Casma, Peru, a ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hiki i ka 7 mau makahiki, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lōkahi ka ʻepekema e pili ana inā he mau mea ulu hihiu a holoholona paha kēia. No ke aʻo hou, ua hoʻohana nā ʻepekema i nā mea i loaʻa mai ka North Creek Shelter ma ka hema o Utah. Ua loaʻa nā hōʻike he nui o ka hana nui a ka poʻe kahiko: nā puʻuwai a me nā lua, nā pono pōhaku, nā koena o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona. Ua hōʻike ka ʻeli ʻana i nā papa moʻomeheu ʻehiku mai ka makahiki 800 i hala.
Ua nānā nā ʻepekema i ke koena ma luna o 101 mau mea hana pōhaku i loaʻa ma aneʻi. ʻO nā papa o 24 mau mea kani i piha i 323 mau ʻāpana starch, a ʻo ia mau eiwa mau granula i ʻike maopopo ʻia e pili ana i nā ʻano ʻuala hihiu. Solanum jamesii a he 61 mau pellets i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he mau ʻāpana o kēia mea kanu. ʻO ka loiloi Radiocarbon o nā mea hana pōhaku kahi i loaʻa ai ke koena o kaʻuala i hōʻike ʻia i ka makahiki o 10-900 mau makahiki. A ʻo kēia ʻike, i ʻōlelo nā ʻepekema, ʻo ia ka hōʻike mua loa o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kaʻuala ma ʻAmelika Hema. A mai ka hiki ʻana o kaʻuala i ʻEulopa mai ʻAmelika mai, a laila ʻo ia paha nā koena ʻuala kahiko loa o ka honua.
Ma mua, ua loaʻa i nā kānaka kālaiʻike nā mea o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea ulu hihiu e ka poʻe ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kā lākou mahi ʻana. ʻO kahi laʻana, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻō hihiu hihiu ma ʻItalia 32 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, a me ka palaoa hihiu a me ka palaoa i loko o ka ʻIseraʻela 600 mau makahiki i hala.
Ua paʻi ʻia ka noiʻi ma ka puke pai Nā hana o ka National Academy of Science.
Source: https://chrdk.ru