ʻOkakopa 13 ma loko o ka papahana o ka papahana o nā hanana kūhelu o ka hōʻike "Golden Autumn - 2012м ʻO ka ʻaha ʻepekema ʻepekema II o ka Uniona o kaʻuala a me nā mea komo i ka mea kanu nā mea kanu "Ua hoʻokūkū ʻia nā ʻuala kūloko a me nā mea kanu i ke kūʻai kalepa."
Kūkākūkā i ka ʻaha kūkā, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kumuhana e ko lākou ʻokoʻa. ʻO ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā ʻano a me nā ʻano hana o ke kākoʻo kālā no ka hana ʻana i nā mea kanu, ke ala hou ʻana o ka hoʻoulu home ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i nā hua, ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā lula loea no ka ʻuala a me nā mea kanu, a me nā pilikia a me nā manaʻolana no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻāpana hana a me kekahi mau pilikia ʻē aʻe. ʻAe kēia polokalamu iā mākou e noʻonoʻo i ka hanana i kūleʻa a me nā ʻano nui.
Ka hana
Ua hoʻokumu pololei ʻia ke aʻo ʻana i ka meaʻai e mālama i ka waiwai o ka mahele o ka mahele o nā mea pono home a me nā meaʻai i ka nui o nā kumuwaiwai o ka mākeke kūloko ma kahi o 95% no kaʻuala. Wahi a nā helu helu, aia ʻo Rūkia i ke kolu o ka honua i ka hana ʻuala. I ka makahiki i hala, ua ʻohiʻohi kahi moʻo o ka berena ʻelua - ʻoi aku ma mua o 32 miliona mau tona.
Wahi a ka ʻike physiological, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka nui o ka ʻai o kaʻuala i kēlā me kēia kanaka i ka makahiki 95-100 kg, aia ma kahi o 14 miliona mau tona no ka pono o ka lehulehu holoʻokoʻa o ka ʻāina, me ka waiho ʻole i nā ʻōpala, nā waihona hua a me nā pono o ka ʻoihana hana. No laila, ʻo ka hiki ke hana o nā mea hana ʻuala kūloko e hōʻoia i ka 100% o ka palekana o ka meaʻai o ka ʻāina.
I kēia kau, ua noho ka wahi i kanu ʻia ʻo kaʻuala i ka pae o ka makahiki i hala. Inā mākou e noʻonoʻo i ka ʻāpana hana ʻuala i ka pōʻaiapili o nā mea komo i ka mākeke, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo ka nui o ke kanu ʻana, 83% (1,8 miliona hectares), e hāʻule ma nā mahiʻai home, 231 tausani heka i kanu ʻia i nā ʻoihana mahi liʻiliʻi a nui paha, a i ʻole 10 %. Minamina, ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻoia i ka hilinaʻi o nā helu helu ma nā plots lālā pilikino, akā naʻe, ʻōlelo ka poʻe loea i ka wā e hiki mai ana, e hoʻemi ana ka ʻāpana o nā lālā āpau i ka hana, a e hoʻopiha hou ʻia nā pono o ka lehulehu ma ka lilo o nā ʻoihana i ka ʻāpana hoʻonohonoho.
Wahi a ka ʻike operative o ka Ministry of Agriculture o ka Russian Federation, a hiki i Nowemapa 6, 2012, ua ʻohiʻohi ʻia kaʻuala e nā hui mahiʻai o ka ʻāina ma kahi o 226 tausani hectares, ʻo ia hoʻi 98%, a ke hele nei ka ʻohi ma kahi wikiwiki ma mua o ka makahiki i hala. Ua hoʻoneʻe nā mea kanu i ka 89% o ka hoʻolālā.
Ua hōʻiliʻili nā hui i 4 miliona mau ʻuala a me 1,5 miliona mau tona o nā huahana.
I ka manawa like, ua hoʻemi ka hua o nā huahana i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me ka makahiki i hala no ka ʻuala e 11 c / ha a me nā mea kanu - e 32 c / ha.
Wahi a ka ʻikepili hana, ua lanakila nā wahi o ka Central Federal District i nā alakaʻi i ke kūʻai ʻana i nā huahana ma waena o nā wahi, ua ʻike ʻia ka hua o ka ʻuala kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka ʻāina ʻo Oryol - ʻoi aku ma mua o 30 tone / ha. Ma nā huaʻai, ʻo ka moku ʻo Moscow ke alakaʻi e pili ana i ka hōʻoki a me ka ʻāpana Vologda e pili ana i ka hua.
E pili ana i ke alo o nā huahana i lawe ʻia mai i kā mākou mākeke, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia he 600-800 tausani ka nui o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka makahiki i ka makahiki, koe wale nō ka manawa maloʻo o 2010 - 2011, kahi o 1,5 miliona mau tona o kaʻuala hou i lawe ʻia mai, i ʻoi aku ma mua o 730 miliona kālā.
I ka hapa mua o kēia makahiki, ma kahi o 400 tausani tona mau uala i hāʻawi ʻia iā Rūsia.
ʻO nā mea lawe nui ʻo ʻAigupita, Netherlands, Azerbaijan, Saudi Arabia a me Kina. Hoʻololi ka Lūkini i ka lawe aku o kaʻuala hou mai 40 a 130 mau tona. ʻO Azerbaijan ka mea hoʻopuka nui o kā mākou ʻuala (30 tausani tona, 72%, 2011).
Reclamation o
ʻAʻole lawa ka nānā ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana hoʻoiho ʻāina mahiʻai ma ke ʻano he kumu hōʻoia no ka hana mahiʻai paʻa i ko mākou ʻāina. Inā ma Kina ka ʻāpana o ka ʻāina i loaʻa hou i 44,4%, ma India - 35,9%, ma USA - 13,2%, a laila ma Lūkia i kēia manawa ka ʻāpana o ka ʻāina i kiʻi hou ʻia he 7,9% o ka ʻāina mahi. Hāʻawi ʻia e ka Polokalamu Mokuʻāina 2013-2020 kahi kōkua a hiki i 50% e uku ai no ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana i nā kumukūʻai ʻaʻole lawa. Wahi a ka ʻike o nā mea hana mahiʻai, nā lālā o ka Uala Uala, ʻo ia hoʻi nā mea kuleana nui e hoʻopukapuka kālā nui i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻāina, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā koina ke waiho ʻia me nā kākā'ōlelo, nā mea hoʻolālā a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Aia kahi laʻana o ka moku Dmitrovsky o ka moku ʻo Moscow, ke hana nā mea nona nā hana nui, hoʻoponopono hou, hoʻomohala hou o ka ʻāina ma kahi o ka 1200 hectares, ua kūʻai ʻia nā mīkini loea a me nā lako pono ponoʻī, a ma kā lākou iho ponoʻī. ʻAʻole i loaʻa kahi peni iki mai ka moʻohelu āpana ma lalo o ka papahana i haʻi ʻia. Hoʻolilo ʻia nā kālā he nui ma nā koho hoʻolālā a me ka mākaukau o ka mokuʻāina - mai 12 a 16,8 tausani rubles no ka hectare I kekahi manawa ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ke kūkulu ʻana ma mua o ka uku o ka lawelawe a me nā uku papahana.
Noi ʻia e hoʻolauna i kahi kālā he hekeka. Hiki i nā ʻoihana mahiʻai ke kūkulu a hoʻolālā no ka hōʻaiʻē a i kā lākou kālā ponoʻī, a loaʻa nā kōkua no ka ʻāina i hoʻolauna ʻia. ʻO ka nui o ke kālā kōkua ma kahi o 10 tausani rubles i ka hectare, kahi e kūpono ai i ka hāʻawi waiwai i ʻae ʻia a me ka wānana wānana o nā lilo kālā pekelala. Hiki i kēia kākoʻo kime ke hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻonui i ka nui o ka ʻāina i loaʻa hou ai. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ana o ke kākoʻo moʻohelu kālā e hiki ai ke hoʻomohala pono i ka hoʻoponopono ʻāina ʻana i nā mahiʻai ulu a me ka mea nui ʻole, e hoʻokō i ke kumu i manaʻo ʻia, no ka mea, aia nā wahi i hoʻohana maoli ʻia i ke kākoʻo kālā ʻana, ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā helu helu moʻohelu kālā.
Pale
Wahi a ka helu kanaka mahiʻai, i ka makahiki 2006 ʻo ka hiki ke mālama i hoʻokahi manawa i ka ʻuala a me nā mea kanu, aia ma kahi o 6,5 miliona mau tona, a ʻo 4,4 miliona mau tona (67%) i loko o nā ʻoihana mahiʻai nui a me ka waena. I loko o ka manawa mai 2007 a 2011, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā keʻena mālama me kahi hiki ma kahi o 400 tausani tone. No laila, i kēia lā aia kahi kumuwaiwai a me kahi ʻenehana i ʻae i ka mālama ʻana ma kahi o ʻehiku miliona mau ʻoka a me nā mea kanu.
ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia nā kūlana kikoʻī o ke kākoʻo mokuʻāina no kēia wahi ma lalo o ka Polokalamu Mokuʻāina 2013. E noi ana ka Potato Union o Lūkia i ke Kuhina o ka Hoʻolālā i ka wā e hoʻomohala ana i nā lula kikoʻī "e hoʻomalu ana i ka uku paneʻe no nā hōʻaiʻē hoʻopukapuka (hōʻaiʻē) no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hua kanu, ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻoihana a me nā loina. ke hoʻolako nei i nā mākeke no ka hana ʻana i nā mea kanu ”, hoʻolako no ka hiki ke loaʻa nā hōʻaiʻē no nā pono mālama, e like me ka hoʻoilina, me ka nānā ʻole i ka ʻāina hānau. A no ka hoʻolako ʻana, i loko o ke kiʻina o ke kākoʻo ʻana i nā papahana waiwai nui o nā mea i koho ʻia o ka Lūkia Hui Pū ʻIa ma ke kahua o ka hana ʻana i nā mea kanu a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā papahana hou i loko o ka ʻenekia agro-ʻenehana, uku pololei o nā koina no ke ton o ka mālama ʻana i ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nā pahu waihona hou.
Ka hana ʻana i kaʻuala a me nā mea kanu
ʻO ka maʻa mau ma Rūsia, ʻo kaʻuala kekahi o nā huahana meaʻai nui. Eia naʻe, ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa o ka ʻike o nā mea maloʻo i ka ʻuala tuberous, i ka wā e waiho lōʻihi ana, ʻaʻole hiki ke pale ʻia nā pohō mai nā lilo maoli a me nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole.
ʻO kēia mau poho, hāʻawi ʻia i ka nele o nā keʻena mālama o kēia ao a me ka nele pinepine ʻole o ka hiki no nā mahi liʻiliʻi a me ka waena e loaʻa i nā hale mālama, hiki i 25-30% o ka nui o nā uala tuberous i waiho ʻia i loko o kahi waiho. ʻO ke ala kūpono loa e hōʻemi loa i nā nalo ka hana ʻana o kaʻuala i nā huahana ʻuala i hiki ke mālama ʻia no kahi manawa lōʻihi (ma ka liʻiliʻi o hoʻokahi makahiki) ʻoiai e mālama ana i ka waiwai nutritional a biological i loko o ka uala tuberous i ka huahana i loaʻa.
I ka wā o ka hana ʻana, hiki ke hoʻohana i nā ʻāpana kuʻuna ʻole o ka ʻuala tuberous, ka mea hoʻohana pinepine ʻole ʻia. ʻO ka nui o kēlā mau ʻuala hiki i 15-20% o ka hōʻiliʻili nui ʻana o kaʻuala.
I ka hana o ke alakaʻi ʻana i nā ʻāina ʻEulopa, ka mahele o kaʻuala no ka hana ʻana mai 30 a 80%. Ma Rūsia, 2% wale nō o nā huahana i hana ʻia e hana.
I ka pili ʻana o ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā hāʻawi a me nā kōkua i nā ʻoihana o ka ʻoihana hana, ʻo ka nui a me ka hiki o nā ʻoihana e hana ana i ka starch potato i ka manawa 1990-1995 i hoʻemi ʻia he 5 mau manawa a i nā makahiki i hala iho nei i hoʻomaka ai e hoʻokokoke i nā hōʻailona pre-perestroika.
I ka makahiki 2011, ma kahi o 35 tausani mau tona o nā huahana ʻuala i waiwai ʻia he $ 31 miliona i hoʻolako ʻia i kā mākou mākeke lawe mai, a i loko o ʻelima mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua aneane pālua ka nui o nā kumukūʻai no ka huaʻi kalo i lawe ʻia mai.
ʻO kekahi o nā ʻōkuhi hoʻohiki no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā huahana ʻuala ka hana ʻana i nā flakes uala. He huahana kūlohelohe kiʻekiʻe loa ia e hoʻohana ākea ʻia no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i nā hui i hoʻonohonoho ʻia, me nā ʻoihana i kākoʻo piha ʻia e ka mokuʻāina. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā flakes uala hiki ke hoʻololi i kaʻuala maoli i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka meaʻai i nā wahi mamao, ʻaʻole koi nā halihali a me ka mālama ʻana i nā flakes i nā kūlana kūikawā, ʻaʻole makaʻu lākou i nā mahana maikaʻi ʻole. Eia kekahi, hiki i hoʻokahi kilogram o nā flakes kaʻuala ke pani ma kahi o ʻehiku kilokika o kaʻuala maoli. I ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻomākaukau, loaʻa nā uala i kāwili ʻia, ʻaʻole hoʻi i emi iki i ka uala i hoʻomākaukau ʻia mai nā uala hou.
ʻElima mau mea hana o ka flakes uala i Rusia. ʻO ka nui o ka hana hana no 2011 ma kahi o 23 tausani tone. I ka manawa like, i kēia lā ʻoi aku ma mua o 40% o ka nui o nā flakes ʻuala i hoʻopau ʻia ma Rūsia i lawe ʻia mai. Hoʻokomo nui ʻia mai Flakes mai nā ʻāina o EU. Mahalo i ke kulekele mahiʻai i kākoʻo ʻia e EU a me nā ana e hoʻonāukiuki i nā mea hana kūloko, loaʻa i nā huahana o nā mea lawe mai kahi kumu kūʻai kūpono ma mua o nā huahana home. Hoʻohui ʻia, ma muli o nā hemahema i ʻae ʻia i loko o ke kānāwai, no kekahi mau makahiki i hoʻolako ʻia nā huahana ʻuala i lawe ʻia me kahi waihona ʻauhau ʻauhau o 10%, a no nā mea hana hale i ka helu VAT he 18%. Ma ka hoʻolauna o nā lālā o ka Uniona a me ke kākoʻo o ke Kuhina Hoʻolālā, i Mei o kēia makahiki, ua hoʻololi ʻia i ke kumumanawai hoʻomalu, a ua hoʻopau ʻia ke kaulike ʻole. Pehea ka hopena o ka mākeke i kēia mau hoʻololi? E huli a kālailai pū ʻia ka hopena me nā unu lawelawe.
I ka manawa like, i loko o ka pōʻaiapili o ke komo ʻana i ka WTO, pono pono e hana i kahi ʻanuʻu hou aʻe no ke kākoʻo ʻana i ka hana kūloko - e hoʻemi i ka VAT no lākou i 10%.
ʻO ka hoʻoulu ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i ka hua
ʻO ka maikaʻi o nā huahana no ke kūʻai aku ma muli o ka maikaʻi o ka hua. 99% o kaʻuala e hele i nā hanana pūnaewele a no ka hana ʻana i ulu ʻia mai nā ʻanoano i lawe nui ʻia mai.
ʻAʻohe pili koho home a me nā hana hua i loko o ka ʻāina, ʻoiai ke ʻano o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana a me ka ʻahaʻōlelo i kēia manawa ʻaʻole hāʻawi i kahi manawa kūpono e ulu ai. No laila, no ka laʻana, ʻaʻohe manaʻo a me nā koi no nā wahi buffer no ka hana ʻana i kaʻuala, ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia ka helu o nā hanauna a me nā hua reproductive o kaʻuala i ka hana mahiʻai, kānāwai patent. Pono pono e kau kānāwai i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka wae interregional a me nā kikowaena ulu ulu a hoʻoholo i nā ʻano o ke kākoʻo mokuʻāina. Manaʻo nā lālā o ka Uala Umi ʻaʻole pono e waiho i ka hoʻokele o kēia mau kaʻina hana i ke aloha o nā kumuhana, pono i ka federation e hoʻoholo i nā lula, a e nānā nā kumuhana i ka hana o nā papahana, nā buffer zones. Maliʻa paha kikoʻī kēia, akā no ka uala he mea nui ia.
Aia he 318 mau ʻano i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia i ka State Register of Breeding Achievements of Russia. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia ma mua o 40-45 mau ʻano i ka hana. ʻO nā ʻano he ʻumi i makemake nui ʻia e mahi ʻia ma 70-80% o ka wahi i lūlū ʻia, a ʻo ka mahele o nā ʻano Lūkini ma 30% wale nō ia. Aia he 167 mau ʻano Lūkia i koho ʻia ma ka State Register o ka Russian Federation, ʻo ia ka hapalua o ka helu o nā mea i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia, akā he 20-25 wale nō ka nui o lākou e hoʻohana ikaika nei i ka hana ʻana ma nā wahi like ʻole o Lūkia.
He ʻano ia i loko o ka home State Register 7% i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā mea i kū i ka Repubalika o Belarus, a he 2% wale nō kā lākou ʻano Lūkini, i nā analogues haole o kā mākou Papa inoa.Ma ka hoʻonā ʻana o ka lua o ka hālāwai ʻepekema a me ka hana "Genetic a agro-ʻenehana kumuwaiwai no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka meaʻai a me nā ʻenehana loea" i mālama ʻia e ka Potato Union ma Moscow ma Malaki 2012, ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia, ʻoiai nā pilikia a me nā pilikia āpau, hana kā mākou mea hānai i kēlā me kēia makahiki ʻo nā ʻano ʻuala hou, a me kahi ʻāpana nui o lākou he kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, a ʻoi aku hoʻi ma mua o nā ʻano haole i kekahi mau palena. ʻOi aku nā ʻano adaptive kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻano home, kūʻē i ka maloʻo, lohi loa a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻohe kālā o nā ʻepekema ʻepekema no kā lākou "hoʻolaha" kalepa ʻana a, he aha ka mea nui loa, ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o kā lākou hua a me nā hana a ka poʻe elite, no ka mea ʻaʻohe pili kālā o ka mokuʻāina no ia hana hua ʻana (ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia hana e ke kānāwai ma ke ʻano he ʻano kālepa).
No laila, pinepine pinepine nā patent no nā ʻano hou i mau "mea hoʻonaninani" o nā hōʻike o nā ʻepekema ʻepekema, a ma hope o kahi manawa pōkole, ua lawe mālie ʻia lākou a pale ʻole ʻia hoʻi i ka pale ma muli o ka uku ʻole ʻia o nā uku palapala.
No kahi liʻiliʻi o nā hui hua e noho nei ma Lūkia, pinepine pinepine kalepa a ʻaʻohe pili i ka hui a i ʻole kū kānāwai ʻole me nā mea hoʻohua a me nā mea hoʻopaʻa inoa, he mea waiwai ʻole ia e hoʻolaha kūʻokoʻa i nā mākeke, hoʻōla, kāohi i nā ʻano varietal o nā ʻano hou o nā home hānau, pono lākou e uku i nā uku aliʻi. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi no lākou e hana me nā mea i ʻike ʻia, nā lā i hala a no laila loaʻa nā ʻano hua o kēlā 10-30 mau ʻano "branded" kaulana loa. ʻAʻole uhi ka nāwaliwali o ka hoʻokumu ʻana a me nā hana elite i ka pono o nā mea hana nui, ka mea i koi ʻia e kūʻai i nā mea he nui o nā mea kanu, ʻo ka maʻa mau o nā reproduces haʻahaʻa, ma nā ʻāina ʻē a e kia ana i nā ʻano haole ulu.
ʻO kahi pilikia weliweli, e like me nā lālā o ka Uniona, nā lawe nui mai o nā nui o nā hua uala mai nā ʻāina ʻē, kahi e hiki ai ke alakaʻi (a ua alakaʻi mua ʻia) i ka lawe mai a hoʻolaha ʻia ʻana o kekahi mau mea weliweli quarantine weliweli a ʻoi loa nā pathogenic a me nā kūpale kūpale kūpale i Lūkia. a me nā lāhui o nā pathogens (ka hopena o ke ahi, bacteriosis, nā virus).
He mea nui ia i ka papa o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana o ka hoʻokolohua ʻano like ʻole o ka mokuʻāina a me ke komo ʻana o nā ʻano haole a me ka pale ʻana e mālama a hoʻoikaika i nā ʻano hana no ka pale ʻana i ka pono o ka phytosanitary o ka ʻāina. Aia kahi pono no nā hale hana e hiki ke nānā i nā loli i ke ʻano o ka lehulehu o nā mea pathogenic, ka mea nui i kā lākou kūpikipiki a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i nā pesticides.
A hiki i kēia manawa, kahi mea nui o ke kākoʻo mokuʻāina i ka hana ʻana i nā mea kanu i subsidizing elite seed seed. I ka makahiki i hala, ʻo ke kākoʻo kālā no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kope kiʻekiʻe o kaʻuala ma kahi o 7 rubles. no ka paona, he 20-25 tausani rubles. no ka hectare. I kēia manawa, ke noʻonoʻo nei ke Kuhina Hoʻolālā o ka Lūkia Hui Pū ʻIa i nā koho no ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā kōkua no nā ʻelite elite a i ʻole ka hōʻemi ʻana i ke kākoʻo i 2-3 rubles. no kēlā me kēia kilogram, ʻo ia ke kākoʻo, he 6-10 tausani rubles. no ka hectare.
Ma kēia mea, e noi ka Union Potato i ka Ministry of Agriculture e hāʻawi i nā "Rula no ka hoʻolako ʻana a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā kōkua mai ka waihona pekelala i nā kālā o nā mea i koho ʻia o ka Russian Federation e kākoʻo i kekahi mau lālā o ka hana hua no 2013" nā kōkua no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā super elite, super elite, elite o nā ʻano potato, a Hoʻololi hou i ke kaʻina hana no ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā kōkua no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mahi ʻana i nā hua elite, e hoʻohuli nei i kā lākou loaʻa mai nā mea kūʻai mai nā hua i kā lākou mea hana.
Nā mea hana mahiʻai a me nā kumukūʻai kūʻai
ʻO ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi aupuni maikaʻi no nā mea mahiʻai ma o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka pilikia o ka ʻāpana o kaʻuala a me nā mea kanu i ka mākeke kūʻai, ʻo ia hoʻi ka wehewehe ʻana i nā lula a me nā lula a me nā koi i nā wā āpau o ka holo ʻana o ka mea kūʻai, ʻo ia kekahi o nā kumu nui no ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hapa nui o nā mea komo i ka mākeke. Pono ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa a me ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe e hoʻokūkū ai i nā lawe mai. I ka hoʻoilo o kēia makahiki, e like me ka noiʻi i mālama ʻia e nā lālā o ka hui, 40% o ka nui i lawe ʻia e nā lawe mai i nā hale kūʻai, a ma ka hoʻololi kālā, 60% āpau. Ma muli o ke kumukūʻai o kaʻuala kūloko he 10 rubles / kg, a lawe ʻia mai he 50-60 rubles / kg. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kaulahao e hana i nā ʻoihana me nā ʻuala i lawe nui ʻia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka maikaʻi, ka pūʻolo a holoi ʻia.
I ka manawa like, lawa ka hāʻawi ʻana o ka mākeke mai nā mea kūʻai mai kūloko me ka maikaʻi e like me nā mea kūʻai aku ʻē aʻe. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka laha ʻole o ka nui o nā lako i ka pūnaewele ʻaʻole nā mea hana, akā ʻo nā mea kūʻai aku me ke komo ʻana o ka poʻe e hana pololei nei i nā pūnaewele a i ʻole nā kickbacks me nā mea kūʻai mai.
ʻOiai i ka wā o ka ʻohiʻohi nui ʻana i nā kaulahao kūʻai e hāʻawi ana i nā wahi nui nui, ʻo ia hoʻi ma nā Central Central a me Northwestern Federal Districts, ʻo ka hapalua o kaʻuala i hōʻike ʻia no ka hana ʻole Lūkini. ʻOi aku ka makemake o nā ʻoihana kālepa e hana me nā huahana i lawe ʻia mai no ka mea he bonus kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻohana nā kaulahao kalepa i kā lākou mau koi ponoʻī no ka maikaʻi a me kaʻae ʻana o nā huahana, kahi e hana ai i nā pilikia i ka lako o nā huahana.
I ʻAukake, ua nānā ka Union Potato ma kahi o nā kaulahao kūʻai aku ma ka moku ʻo Moscow. I loko o ka wā i hoʻomaka ai nā mahiʻai kokoke i Moscow i ka hōʻiliʻili nui ʻana o nā huahana, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka mana o nā kāloti i lawe ʻia ma ke kumukūʻai ma kahi o 35 rubles i kēlā me kēia kilokilo. I ka manawa like, ʻo ke kumukūʻai kūʻai nui o nā mea kūʻai ʻāina he 13-15 rubles.
Wahi a nā hopena o ka nānā ʻana i ka mākeke o kaʻuala a me nā huahana mea kanu, i lawe ʻia e nā lālā o ka Uala Uala i loko o nā makahiki he ʻumi o ʻOkakopa, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēia mau mea: holoi ʻia kaʻuala me ke kumukūʻai o 80 rubles / kg ma luna o nā waihona o nā hale kūʻai kaulahao ʻo Moscow ma 50%. Kūʻai ʻia aku kaʻuala i holoi ʻole ʻia ma ka pae o 17 rubles / kg. ʻO nā mea lawe mai ma kahi o 40% no ka uala holoi a 46% no nā kāloti holoi.
Ma ka awelika, ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe o Rūsia, holoi ʻia a holoi ʻole ʻia kaʻuala i kahi lakio 50/50, a ʻaʻohe mea i lawe ʻia mai i kēia manawa.
Ma ʻEulopa, mai ka makahiki 60 o ke kenekulia i hala, ua hoʻokau ʻia kahi RUCIP lōkahi i hoʻohui ʻia, kahi e wehewehe ai i nā lula a me nā kūlana no ke kālepa ʻana i nā huahana ʻuala a me nā mea kanu.
I ka hana kuʻikahi o kēia manawa, hoʻopaʻa wale nā mea komo o ka mākeke ʻEulopa i nā kūlana maʻamau (ke kumu kūʻai, ka manawa, ka hoʻopili ʻana), a me ke koena o nā palena o ka pilina e alakaʻi ʻia e nā kuhikuhi i ka RUCIP.
Minamina, ma Rūsia, hoʻohana nā kaulahao kalepa i kā lākou mau koi ponoʻī no ka maikaʻi a me kaʻae ʻana o nā huahana, ka mea e hana i nā pilikia i ka lawe ʻana. Mākaukau ka Uniona o ka ʻUala a me nā mea kūʻai mākeke i ka ʻaelike e like me ka ʻaelike like (rula) me ka ʻAhahui o nā ʻoihana kūʻai.
Eia hou, e noi ka Union Potato i ke Kuhina Hoʻolālā e:
- Hoʻolauna i nā hoʻoponopono i ke Kānāwai Pekelala "Ma ke kumu o ka hoʻoponopono aupuni o nā hana kalepa ma ka Russian Federation", e hoʻolako ana no ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka lawe ʻana i nā kūlana no ka launa ʻana ma waena o nā mea hana o nā huahana mahiʻai a me nā hale kūʻai (e pili ana i nā koi no ka maikaʻi o ka huahana, logistics, ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā lula loea);
- E hoʻololi i ke kānāwai o ke aupuni o ka Lūkini Hui Pū ʻIa o Iulai 15, 2010 No. 530 e like me ka papa inoa o kekahi mau ʻano huahana meaola kaiāulu nui (no ke kūʻai ʻana i kekahi nui e ʻae ʻia kahi mea hoʻokele waiwai e hana i nā hana kālepa e uku i ka uku) e pili ana i ka hoʻohui me nā huahana: kaʻuala e like me GOST R 51808-2001, nā beets e like me GOST R 51811-2001, nā kāloti e like me GOST R 51782-2001, cabbage e like me GOST R 51809 a me nā ʻakaʻaka e like me GOST R 2001-51783;
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Hoʻopili i nā beet canteen i ka papa inoa o kekahi ʻano o nā huahana pono kūpono kaiāulu, kahi e kau ʻia ai nā kumukūʻai kūʻai nui i ʻae ʻia (Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 15, 2010 No. 530), ʻo ia wale nō ka moʻomeheu o ka "borscht" i hoʻonohonoho ʻole ʻia i ka papa inoa i luna. ...
ʻO ka hoʻokūkū o kaʻuala kūloko a me nā mea kanu i ke kūʻai kalepa e pili ana i ke kūlana o ka hana i kēia manawa i ka mākeke ʻuala o ka ʻāina a pili loa i nā hopena o nā wahi o ka hana i ka hana hua ʻana e like me ka hana ponoʻī ʻana, ka hana hou ʻana i ka ʻāina, ke koho ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i nā hua, ka mālama ʻana a me ka hana ʻana. Hoʻopili pū ke kumukūʻai kūʻai i ka hoʻokūkū o kaʻuala a me nā mea kanu. E mālama i nā mea maikaʻi o ka huahana home i ka mākeke, pono e nānā pono i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā pono o ka ʻuala a me ka mea kanu.
Hāʻawi ʻia nā helu helu e ka Uala Uala o ka Lūkia Hui Pū ʻIa a me ke Kuhina Hoʻolālā o ka Russian Federation