Teritori o ka repubalika: 25 679 km2.
Heluna kanaka: 1 506 446 poʻe, a nona ka nui o 78,98%.
Kahi kūlana geographi: aia ka ʻāina ma waenakonu o ka Hikina ʻEulopa Plain. Nā palena: ma ka hema a me ka hikina hema - me ka moku Lipetsk, ma ke komohana hema - me ka moku Oryol, ma ke komohana a me ke komohana ʻākau - me ka Kaluga, ma ka ʻākau a me ka ʻākau hikina - me ka moku ʻo Moscow, ma ka hikina - me ka moku Ryazan. ...
Ka aniau: ka ʻāina pae ʻāina haʻahaʻa, ʻano e ka anuanu anuanu a me nā kauwela mahana. Aia ke anilā o nā mahana mai + 4 a +5 kekelē. ʻO ka mahana ma Ianuali mai -9 a -12 kekelē, i Iulai mai +18 a + 22 kekelē. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka manawa me nā mahana maikaʻi ʻo 220-225 mau lā. Hoʻonohonoho pono ʻole ʻia ka presipitation ma waena o ka ʻāina. ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou ma nā ʻaoʻao komohana komohana (575 mm), ka liʻiliʻi - ma nā wahi hikina hikina (470 mm). Hoʻokahi hapakolu o nā heleleʻi āpau i ka ʻāina i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā mahina kau wela, i ka hapanui o Iulai. I ka wā hau-ʻole, hāʻule ka 70% o ka ua makahiki. I ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo, hiki i ka mānoanoa o ka uhi o ka hau i 0,3-0,7 m, paʻa nā lepo i kahi hohonu o 0,6-0,9 m.
ʻO ka hōʻuluʻulu: flat a me ka mau puʻu. ʻO nā ʻaoʻao kumu nui ma aneʻi nā awāwa wai a me nā kahe wai.
Nā lepo: soddy-podzolic ma ke komohana ʻākau, nāhelehele ulu hina i ka ʻāpana waena, hoʻoliʻiliʻi a leached nā chernozems ma ka hema.
Hoʻopili ʻāina: 1740 tausani ha a 68% o ka ʻāpana o ka wahi. Noho ka ʻāina ʻoki i ka 1465 tausani ha (84% o ka pāmu.
Ua kamaʻilio nā puke kuʻina "Potato System" e pili ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻuala e ulu nei ma ka ʻāina ʻo Tula, akā ua hoʻi hou i ka 2009. A laila kākau mākou e pili ana i ka hoʻomaikaʻi hou o ka ʻoihana i kēia wahi. I kēia lā, uaʻike ka ʻāina ʻo Tula i waena o nā alakaʻi i ka hana kanu ʻana ma Rūsia, kahi nui o nā ʻoihana ʻo Tula i noho i nā laina alakaʻi e pili ana i ka hōʻiliʻili hua a me nā huahana, a keʻike nei mākou he mea maikaʻi loa kā lākou ʻike i nā mea ulu o ka Lūkini Lūkini āpau.
ʻO ka ulu ʻana i kaʻuala kekahi o nā kuhikuhi nui o nā mea kanu e ulu ana ma ka moku ʻo Tula, hoʻomohala ʻia kona ulu ʻana e ka hoʻokokoke ʻana i ke kapikala, agro-climatic a me nā kūlana lepo.
ʻO nā huahana i ulu i nā pā Tula ua koi mau ʻia ma Moscow, akā i nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka ʻāina. Akā ʻo nā manawa perestroika i hoʻoponopono ʻia i nā hoʻolālā o nā mea hana hoʻomohala o Tula: ua hōʻemi ʻia kēia wahi i kēlā me kēia makahiki a hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka hoʻomohala lāʻau. ʻO ka hopena, holo i lalo nā hopena. I waena o nā mea hana nui no ka lōʻihi lōʻihi i noho i nā mahiʻai pilikino a me nā kamaʻilio o ke kauwela.
Akā i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua loli nui ka kūlana i ka ʻoihana kalala. ʻO nā wahi i lalo o nā ʻuala ua hoʻonui ʻia a kokoke i ka 50 tausani hekere, ʻoiai ke kahe o nā hui ahonui a me nā hale mahiai. I kēia mau lā, ua loaʻa i ka wahi i lalo o ka kalu i kēia māhele o nā mahi ʻai ma kahi o 20 tausani hekahi. I ka manawa like, ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hapaha o nā māla kanu mea kanu i lako me nā mea kanu irrigation hou, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia nā ʻenehana ʻoihana, a ua ulu nā māla kūloko e pili ana i ka kanu ʻana i nā hua kanu.
I ka makahiki 2015, ua ohi ʻia ma mua o hoʻokahi miliona mau tona o kaʻuala mai nā māla ʻo Tula. Mahalo i kēia mea hōʻike, ua hoʻoikaika ka ʻāpana ʻo Tula i ka wahi ʻekolu ma ka Central Federal District, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻāina ka pae mua ma ka ʻōlelo o ka ulu ulu. ʻO ka ʻohi ʻuala i ka makahiki 2015 kahi moʻolelo ma ka ʻāina ʻo Tula i nā makahiki he 20 i hala.
ʻO ka hāʻawi nui loa i ka hōʻiliʻili o kā Maxim Gorky LLC (ʻoi ka nui o 423 kg / ha), ʻo Kimovskiye Prostory LLC (380 kg / ha), ka pāʻai ʻana o Manuk Avetisyan (350 kg / ha), ʻo Bogoroditsky Alliance LLC (295 kg / ha).
ʻO ke ʻano o ka pōʻino, ka mea i kū pinepine mai i ka wā o ka ʻūhū ʻana i ka hua kanu, e komo i ka hoʻololi i nā mea kanu ulu o Tula i nā ʻenehana pale o nā mea kanu o kēia wā a me ka hoʻopuka ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana irrigation. Makemake nui nā kānaka Tula i nā ʻano huahana like ʻole a me nā hua i wae ʻia a lawe ʻia e like me ka ʻōlelo Dutch.
ʻO nā mea hana ʻuala nui nui a me nā hale hana hohonu i kā lākou mahiʻai. ʻAe kēia iā mākou e hoʻolako i ka "berena ʻelua" i nā kaulahao kalepa nui, holoi a ʻūlū ʻia, māʻona i nā pono o ka mea kūʻai aku koi nui loa.
ʻO Potato o nā mea hana Tula he wahi ākea o ke kūʻai aku. He koi i Mosko a me Moscow ka ʻāina, ma Krasnodar a me Volgograd, Saratov a me Nizhny Novgorod, Tver a me Bryansk, Lipetsk a me Samara, Ryazan a me St. Petersburg, Rostov a me Perm, a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka ʻāina.
ʻO ka mea hana nui nui loa, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo LLC Maxim Gorky, e hoʻoili i nā ʻuala i hana ʻia i loko o ka palu huʻu. Hāʻawi ʻia kēia huahana i nā wahi like ʻole o ka moku'āina, a ʻo ia hoʻi i Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, me Polika, Chili a me Kina.
Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka kākoʻo o ka moku'āina no ka mea kanu ulu, a laila loaʻa lākou i nā ana āpau i hāʻawi ʻia i nā mea hana ʻē aʻe. I waena o lākou: Kākoʻo pili ʻole i ka hana ʻai i kēlā me kēia hekahi o ka pā lūlū, uku no ka ʻāpana o ke kūʻai ʻana i nā hua elite, ka hoihoi i ka wā pōkole a me nā hoʻolimalima kumu hoʻopukapuka, kākoʻo no ka ʻinikua ʻoihana mahiai.
Eia hou, ua mākaukau ke aupuni āpana e hoʻomohala a hoʻolauna i nā hana hou e kākoʻo i nā mahiʻai iniki i kēia ʻoihana. ʻO ka mea nui ka loaʻa o kahi hopena! A ua ola ʻo ia. ʻAʻole ia no ka mea ʻole i ʻike ʻia nā kūleʻa o nā agrarians Tula e ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻuala e ka Federal Ministry of Agriculture ma ka All-Russian Agronomic Meeting, i mālama ʻia ma Ianuali 27, 2016.
Maxim Gorky LLC
Uaʻike mua kēia mahiʻai i ka hana o nā mea kanu ma mua o 15 mau makahiki. He ʻāpana ʻo ia i ka Hui Pūnaewele o Ka ʻāina.
I ka makahiki 2011, ua wehe kahi hui i kahi papa no nā flakes kentang. Hiki i nā mea i hiki ke hana i kahi o 800 tons mau mākeke me hoʻokahi mahina, ma kahi o 7 tausani tons no ka makahiki.
Hāʻawi ʻia nā huahana mahiʻai i Belarus, Kazakhstan, Polenika, Kina, ʻIseraʻela.
I kēia lā, nā hana nui a Maxim Gorky LLC:
- Koti a me ka hana palaoa;
- ʻO ka holoi kālai a me ka hoʻopili;
- Hoʻooti kālai.
Ke kaʻina nei ka hui ma kahi o 50 tausani hekahi mau ʻāpana (ʻo kahi ʻāpana i kahi ma ka wahi ʻo Bryansk a me Kaluga), kahi ulu nui o nā ʻuala i ulu me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hana irrigation. ʻO kā ka pākuʻu ka mea paʻakikī loa ma Rūsia me 130 tausani mau lā no ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻuala.
KAʻU PILI FAKM "ZHAK" (MOKUNA KFH MANUK ZHULYEVICH AVETISYAN)
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke mahiʻai ma 2004. A laila ua hāʻawi ʻia he 40 mau eka o ka mea kanu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia iā ia, i kēia lā he ʻāina he 11 ʻeka ia. ʻO ka wahi kūpono ma ka hana o ka ʻoihana ka mea kanu i ka uala (meaʻai a me ka hua). ʻO nā mea nui: Gala, Impala, Zhukovsky, Colette, Natasha, Labella, Picasso, Red Scarlett, Roco, Romano, Sante, Luck.
I ka makahiki 2015, ua hāʻawi ka ʻāina mahiai i kahi koi i ka irrigation modern, ʻo ka mea nui i ka ʻāina, me kahi wahi o 1100 hepa.
Ma waho aʻe o kaʻuala, ulu ka mahiʻai i ke kāpeti, nā beets, ka palaoa, ka waiū a me kaʻiʻo. ʻO ka nui o ka hana 90 makahiki o kaʻuala, 10 tausani tone o nā hua kanu, 6 tausani tone o ka waiū, 200 tone o ka ʻiʻo. Hoʻohana ka hana mahiʻai ma kahi o 200 mau limahana. Ma kahi o 70% o ka leo hana i mālama ʻia i loko o kā mākou wahi mālama ponoʻī. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā hale ukana me nā pono ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe o kēia manawa o ka hana ʻEulopa, e komo pū ana me kahi ʻāpana hoʻopili automated. Hāʻawi ʻia ka nui o nā pākaukau papa i nā hale kūʻai kaulahao.
LLC "MAKA OIHANA KAHIKI"
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻoihana ma 2008 ma ke kumu o nā māla ʻelua: SPK "Voskhod" a me "lākou. Lenin "a mai ia manawa he lālā ʻo ia o ka Hui Malino o nā Hui. ʻO ka wahi i lūlū ʻia i ka makahiki mua he 3400 ha. Mai ka makahiki 2009, me ke kākoʻo o ka mahiʻai Malino e paʻa pū nei me ka ʻoihana Frito Lay Manufacturing, kahi e hoʻopuka ai i nā ʻāpana a Lay, ua kanu ka mahiʻai he 130 mau ʻeka o nā ʻāpana potato hoʻokolohua o nā ʻano aʻe: Lady Claire, Lady Rosetta, Hermes, Saturn. Mai ia manawa mai, ua lilo ka uala i hua nui ma ka mahiʻai.
I ka makahiki 2011, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka wahi kanu uala i ka 430 ha, a ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o nā mea kanu i kanu ʻia.
I ka 2014, ua ʻike ʻia ka māla ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi i ka ulu e ulu ʻana o ka ʻenehana elit, ka mea e hoʻopuka ana i ka 70% o ka nui o ka huina o nā hua ʻai i ulu ma ka ʻāina ʻo Tula. I ka pūnāwai o ka makahiki 2014, hāʻawi ka ʻoihana i nā hua kanu i nā pālahalaha he 60 a he mau pāmu liʻiliʻi ma waena o ka ʻāina mai ka hema a hiki i nā mauna Ural.
Ma ka makahiki 2015, ʻewalu mau hale kanu kanu i lako ʻia me kahi papahana ʻoihana hoʻonaninani kiʻekiʻe, kahi ʻāpana hoʻokaʻawale, a me kahi ʻōnaehana mana otometi ke kūkulu ʻia ma ka ʻāina ʻo ka māla.
I kēia lā, ua loaʻa ka nui o ka ʻāina āpau i kahi he 7000 ʻeka. Hoʻomaopopo ka mahiʻai i ka kanu ʻana o nā hua kanu elit, grains a me oilseeds.
I ka makahiki 2016, ʻo ka pāla e nānā pono i nā mea kanu ulu Dutch a me Kelemānia: ʻo Red Scarlett, Impala, Gala, Nevsky, Vega, Molly, Picasso, Riviera, Sifra, Roco, Innovator, Hermes, Lady Claire, Newton, Lady Rosetta, Colomba a me ke aloha.
LLC "KIMOVSKY SPACES"
Hana ʻia ma 2007. ʻO ka mahiʻai kahi mahele māhele o ka Hui Malino o nā ʻoihana. ʻO ka hana nui ka hana ʻana i nā mea kanu. Ma nā lepo maʻemaʻe o ke kaolaola, 280 km mai Moscow, hana ka mahiʻai i ka hoʻoilo a me ka palaoa puna, malting a hānai bale, rapeseed, soybeans, kāloti a me kaʻuala (ʻano Hermes, Courage, Lady Claire, Lady Rosetta, Saturn). Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka ʻoihana ʻeono kaona heka o ka ʻāina.
Hāʻawi ʻia ka nānā i nā wahi ākea "Kimovskie" i nā pīpī kanu ulu. Ua hoʻolako ʻia kahi he 400 o ka hekahi no ia. Ma kēia pūnaewele, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻoulu ʻia.
He kahua kākāʻau hou o ka mahiʻai e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke mālama i ka 80% o nā huahana i hana ʻia, a me kahi pūmū loiloi i lako ʻia me nā laina no ka holoi ʻana, ka poli a me nā ʻuala a me nā ʻuala. Hiki i kahi mea hoʻolālā ke hoʻouna aku i 180 mau huahana o ka huahana i kēlā me kēia lā.
Hāʻawi ʻia ka hapanui o ka ʻuala i Kashirsky chip Frito Lay Manufacturing (50%).
Nā mea i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e ka Kuhina Kūʻai o ka ʻĀina ʻo Tula