Territory: 314,4 tausani mau mika square km
Ka heluna kanaka: 1 miliona 47 tausani kanaka
He kūlana kiʻi: Aia ka wahi i ka ʻāina i hema hema o Western Siberia. Aia i ka palena o Tyumen, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Kemerovo wahi, Khanty-Mansiysk Kahakaha Okrug a me nā Krasnoyarsk Teritory. Aia ma ka moku'āina ʻo Siberian Federal
Hoʻolaka ka papa ʻāina. ʻO ka mahana nui o ka mahina ma Iulai ʻo +18 C, i Ianuali -19,2 C.
Aliʻi: pālahalaha, pohō loa. ʻO ka ʻāpana Tomsk kahi ʻāpana o ka honua kūlohelohe hanana - ka swampiness o ka West Siberian Plain. ʻAʻohe wahi ʻē aʻe o ka poepoe e hoʻolaha ʻia ai nā kualapa a me nā ululāʻau e like me kēia ʻāina. ʻO kahi ʻāpana nui o ka ʻāina o ka moku ʻo Tomsk e noho ʻia e nā ululāʻau (ma kahi o 51% o ka ʻāina), maʻamau i nā degere like ʻole o ka waterloggedness, a me nā kahawai (ma kahi o 31%), me nā peat bogs. ʻO nā waihona peat me ka mānoanoa o 80 cm a ʻoi paha e noho ana ma kahi o 24% o ka ʻāina o ka ʻāina. Uhi ʻia nā ʻāpana nui o ka ʻāina e ka hana bog holomua; e like me kekahi kuhi, hoʻonui lākou i ka 1800 hectares i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
O ka lepo: automorphic, semi-hydromorphic a me hydromorphic. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia e ka hydromorphism māhuahua, ma muli o ka ʻāina boggy, a ma nā ʻaoʻao hema - e ka hau aniani a me ka lohi o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka lepo. Ma waena o nā hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī e pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia: ke kū ʻana o nā wahi humus ʻelua i nā sod-podzolic a me nā lepo ulu hina; ke kūʻana o nā ortsands i nā lepo o ke ʻano māmā; wela wela o ka lepo.
Wāhi ʻāina ʻoihana: 1,2 miliona maueka, nona ka ʻāina mahi - 676 tausani maueka. ʻO ka hāʻawi ʻana o ka ʻāina mahi i ka ʻāina ʻo Tomsk kekahi o nā mea haʻahaʻa loa ma ka moku Siberian Komohana, no kēlā me kēia capita - 0,65 hectare. No ka hoʻohālikelike, ma ka Teritori Altai aia he 2,64 hectare o ka ʻāina mahi mahi no kēlā me kēia kanaka, ma ka moku ʻo Novosibirsk - 1,36 hectare, ma ka moku ʻo Omsk - 2,0 hectare. ʻO ka awelika no ka moku ʻo Siberian Federal ʻo 1,15 hectare.
ʻASONlelo 2018 HĀLA ME KA ʻĀLAI WAIʻI
ʻO ka ʻuala i ka meaʻai o ke kanaka e lawe ma hope o ka ʻai. ʻO nā poʻomanaʻo o ka ʻāina Tomsk, e like me nā wahi ʻē aʻe o Rūsia, e nānā pono i kēia moʻomeheu me ka mahalo nui.
Ua noʻonoʻo ʻia ka wahi o Tomsk kahi o nā poʻokela no ka ulu ʻana i ka ʻuala ma Siberia. ʻOiai ke kūlana ʻino, ka nui o nā pā, a me nā huaʻai, nā mea kanu hua a Tomsk e loaʻa ai nā hopena kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO ka hua ʻuala maʻamau ma ia wahi he 190 mau keneta o ka hectare, akā ʻo nā alakaʻi, ʻo kahi laʻana, ʻo ka Zavarzinsky mea kanu ulu, loaʻa iā 400 keneta o ka hectare, mahalo i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā mea ʻepekema hou, nā ʻano hoʻohiki a me ka mālama pono ʻana i ka ʻenehana. I ka hopena o 2017, ʻo ka hōʻiliʻili nui ʻana o kaʻuala ma ka ʻāina i ʻoi aku ma mua o 33 tausani tone.
Kaʻikaʻi Loaʻa ka waiwai waiwai o ka hana i loko o ka makahiki 2017 ma ka ʻāina ʻo Tomsk ma luna o 17,5%.
Wahi a ka Department of Social and Economic Development of the Village of the Tomsk Region, i ka makahiki 2018 i ka mea kanu i kanu ʻia ma lalo o nā ʻuala i nā ʻoihana mahiʻai, nā mahiʻai a me nā ʻoihana pilikino he ʻoi aku ma mua o 1,5 hekeleka, a he 17,5% mau huaʻai a pau.
Wahi a ka lawelawe helu helu regional, ka nui o nā mea kanu huaʻai ma ka ʻāina ʻo Tomsk he mau pālule pilikino pilikino, kahi i kanu ʻia ai nā kumulāʻau ma 2018 ma kahi o ka 7 tausani ha.
ʻSTLĀ LĀ LĀ LĀ LAHUI
I ka makahiki 2018, ua hoʻomaka ka 'Oihana no ka nohona kaiāulu a me ka hoʻokele waiwai o ke kauhale o ka moku ʻo Tomsk e hana pū me nā luna hana a me nā ʻoihana hoʻonaʻauao mahiʻai i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā mākaukau hou e pono ai no ka poʻe loea ʻōpio i ka hale agro-ʻoihana. ʻIke kikoʻī ʻia i kekahi o nā kī nui i ka mahiʻai - agronomy.
Ma ke kumu o ka hoʻonaʻauao kiʻekiʻe, ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā agronomists no nā mahiʻai o ka moku Tomsk no 25 mau makahiki e ka ʻOihana o Agronomy a me Technology a me ka hana ʻana i nā huahana mahiʻai o ka Tomsk Agricultural Institute, kahi lālā o ka NSAU. I ka 2018, 115 haumana e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina ma laila. ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu hope loa i mālama ʻia ma 2016, a ʻo ka mea aʻe ma 2019. ʻO ka papa inoa inoa no 2019 he 20 mau haumāna wā piha a he 30 mau haumāna wā hapa.
Aia i waena o nā ʻoi o nā kula nui nā agronomists nui o nā luna ʻāina a me nā wahi mahiʻai nui, a ʻo nā poʻo hoʻi o nā mahiʻai.
KA HANA HANA HANA HANA
I kēia manawa, hāʻawi ka ʻāina Tomsk iā ia iho me nā potato ma 130-140%. He moʻomeheu koʻikoʻi kēia no ka ʻāina, ʻo ka lua ia o ka palaoa wale nō ka mea nui.
No laila, ʻo OOO Kolpakov, kahi māla ʻuala alakaʻi i ka moku ʻo Tomsk, e hana ana ma mua o 5 tausani mau tona o nā huahana i kēlā me kēia makahiki, e hoʻolālā e kūkulu i kahi waihona uala me ka hiki o 2019 tausani mau tona i ka hopena o 2,5. I ka wā o ke kūkulu ʻana, e hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻenehana modular, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka hiki ke mālama a hiki i ka 8 tausani tone o nā mea kanu a me kaʻuala i kēlā me kēia makahiki. No laila, hiki i ka mahiʻai ke hāʻawi i nā pūnaewele kālepa āpau i ka makahiki āpau a me nā hui kaiaulu o Tomsk me nā huahana kiʻekiʻe loa o ka hana kūloko.
FARMS ADVANCED
33 pāʻai (8 mau mea mahiʻai mahiai a me 25 mau mahiʻai mahiai) e hana nei i ka hana ʻoihana o ka ʻuala ma ka ʻāina, he 16 o lākou e kū nei ma ka ʻāina Tomsk. ʻEkolu mau ʻoihana i ke kūlana o ka ulu ʻana o ka hua (e like me ka "super-super-elite", "super-elite" a me "elite" scheme), e hāʻawi ana i nā mea kanu lāʻau kiʻekiʻe ʻaʻole i kā lākou ponoʻī, akā no nā poʻe mea hana.
ʻO nā hopena kiʻekiʻe i kā lākou mau hana e loaʻa i nā ʻoihana kaiaka ʻo Kolpakov, Favorit, ʻoihana kūʻai ʻo Zorkaltsevskaya, Zarechnoye, nā mea mahiʻai ʻo Mikhail Kolpakov a me Vyacheslav Rychko a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Aia ma ʻelua mau māla ʻuala nui ma Shegarsky a me nā moku o Kolpashevsky ʻākau. Ua like ka ʻāpana o Kolpashevsky ma ka māhele o nā wahi o ka ʻĀkau mamao, a i ʻole ka ʻihiʻāina ākea, akā ua ʻike ʻia nā mea hana o nā mahiʻai e loaʻa ai nā hopena kiʻekiʻe.
KA MANAHU A IA
Ma ke ʻākau o ka wahi i loaʻa nā ʻano hoʻokolohua o ka keʻena o Narym o ka Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture and Peat o ka lālā o ka Siberian Scientific Center for Scientific Research of the Russian Academy of Science. Nā ʻepekema o kēia ʻāpana no ʻoi aku ma mua o 70 mau makahiki (ua hoʻomalu ʻia ka hoʻomalu o ka hua kanu mai ka makahiki 1938, a ua hoʻomaka ʻia nā ʻepekema hana ʻana mai ka makahiki 1912) e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i nā ʻenehana loea a me nā ʻōnaehana no ka pale ʻana iā ia mai nā maʻi.
Hoʻolaha ʻia ke kaʻina koho i kahi ʻāpana mākeke ma ka ʻōpū ma luna o ka wai lepo sandy mid-mid-podzolic.
Ma nā pūnaewele hana o ka 'Oihana, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka hana no ka hana hua ʻana. Lawe ʻia ka hana hua mua e like me kahi hoʻolālā ʻehā mau makahiki: makahiki mua - koho ʻana i nā mea kanu mua; Makahiki XNUMX - Hoʻokolokolo hoʻokolokolo makahiki XNUMX; Makahiki XNUMX - Hoʻokolokolo hoʻokolokolo makahiki XNUMX; makahiki ʻehā - nursery super-super-elite. Hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻoihana mahiai i nā ʻano hua o nā ʻanoʻano: Pamyati Rogachev, Solnechny, Yubilyar, Yugan, Sarovskiy.
I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ma ke kumu o ka ʻoihana Narym o ka Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture and Peat, ua hoʻolālā ʻia e hana i kahi kikowaena no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke koho a me ka ulu ʻana i nā hua kanu i ka ulu mea kanu, hiki ke hāʻawi i nā lako hua kūloko maikaʻi i nā māla ʻo Siberian. Ua hoʻokomo ka institute i kekahi mau hoʻonohonoho hou aeroponic hou, e hōʻea ana i ke kaʻina hana ʻana i nā ʻano he nui i kekahi mau manawa. ʻO nā ʻenehana a ka kikowaena e hiki ai ke ʻae ʻia ʻaʻole wale nō e hoʻonohonoho ai i ka hana, ke ʻole i ka maʻi ʻana o nā kōpuna me nā maʻi āpau i kēlā me kēia manawa, akā e hana ana hoʻi i ka Lunaubers me ka lepo ʻole i ka makahiki a puni.
Nā mākaʻikaʻi
Ua hana nā ʻepekema o ka Narym Oihana o ka Siberian Research Institute o ka mahiʻai a me ka peat i kēia mau ʻano ʻuala: Narymsky Early (1961), Kolpashevsky (1966), Ideal (1967), Priobsky (1972), Narymka (1989), Yanga (1997), Tomich (1998), Nakra (2000), I ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana iā Rogachev and Antonin (2005), Sunny (2006), Ketsky (2008), Yubilyar (2009), Yugana (2011), Sarovsky (2014). ʻO ke kumu, hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻano papa inoa āpau i ka State Register of Breeding Achievements i ʻae ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ka Russian Federation. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā ʻepekema o ke kula he mau mea kākau like o nā ʻano: Narymchanin (Polessky - 36), makuahine a hana ʻia, akā ʻaʻole nā ʻano zoned: Krasa Naryma, Taezhnik, Venus, Chaya, Belukha.
Nā kūlike o nā koho Tomsk e kū pono i nā pathogens, maikaʻi a me ka maikaʻi maikaʻi, a me ka ʻike ʻana i nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā ʻano mua (Priobsky, Antonina, Yubilyar, Sarovsky) kahi huahana i kūʻai ʻia ma ka pae o 15-20 t / ha ma ka lā 60th ma hope o ka germination. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā ʻano Ketsky, Solnechny, Pamyati Rogachev, Antonina e kahi kiʻekiʻe hiki ke kiʻekiʻe (50-60 t / ha a me nā mea hou aku), akā hōʻiliʻili i ka ʻohi nui ma kahi lā hope. ʻO nā ʻano Nakra, Pamyati Rogacheva, Solnechny, Yugan a me nā ʻano like ʻole Sarovskiy hiki ke hōʻiliʻili i ka starch i ka nui o 23% a ʻoi paha. ʻO nā ʻano ʻuala ʻo Tomich, Ketsky a me Solnechny i kūpono no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana, ʻo Antonina - no ka hau paʻa, Yugan - no ka hana ʻana i nā palai Palani.
I kēia manawa o ka hana, ʻo ka hana o ka pālahalaha ʻuala i ka ʻoihana Narym o SibNIISHKhiT i loko o ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana o nā hua e ulu ai i nā wā e hiki ke hiki ke hoʻopau wikiwiki i ka wā e ulu ana i ka manawa haʻahaʻa, e pale aku i nā maʻi a me nā pōpoki. I kēia manawa, ʻo nā ʻano ʻulaʻula red-clad me kahi ʻano puna tuber e koi hou aku.
KE ALAHELE O POTATO TOMSK
No kekahi mau makahiki i ka lālani, ua mālama ʻia kahi nani o ke kauwela ma ka ʻāina - ka "Potato Festival" āpana. I kēlā me kēia makahiki e lilo i mea nui a nui aku. I ka makahiki 2017, ma kahi o ʻelima kaukani mau kamaʻāina o Tomsk a me nā mea kipa o ke kūlanakauhale i hele i ka wā hoʻomaha, a loaʻa iā lākou ka nui he 110 mau ʻuala. Hāʻawi ʻia kahi hui nui o kaʻuala varietal i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma ka makana e ka mea komo mau - ka Siberian Research Institute o ka mahiʻai a me Peat - kahi lālā o ka Siberian Federal Scientific Center o ka Russian Academy of Science.
I ka wā o ka lā nui, mālama ʻia ka hoʻokūkū no ka tuber uala nui loa i kēlā me kēia makahiki. I ka 2017, hāʻawi ʻia nā tubers-heavyweights no ka hoʻokūkū e nā kamaʻāina o Asinovsky, Pervomaisky, Molchanovsky, Tomsk, Shegarsky, Chainsky district. Wahi a nā hopena kaupaona, ʻo kahi tuber kaupaona he 1330 gram, i ulu ma ka ʻāina Molchanov, ua loaʻa ka inoa ʻo "Bogatyr Potato".
ʻO TOMSKY ZEMLE - POTATOES ʻōpio!
Ua hana ʻo ka ʻāpana ʻo Narym o ka Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture a me Peat i ke kūlanakauhale o Kolpashevo, Tomsk Region, i ka hana ʻana o nā ʻuala lapalapa no 10 mau makahiki.
Ua hoʻokau nā kaʻepekema ʻepekema i ka tubers o ka violet, puru-violet, a me nā pua ʻulaʻula pū (ʻaʻole wale ka peel ka paʻi ʻia, akā ʻo ka ʻiʻo). Wahi a nā pua, he waiwai ka ʻuala i nā antioxidants. Eia naʻe, i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia nā ʻano, a no laila ulu wale nā mea i ulu ma nā pā hale pilikino wale nō. E hiki nō ka hana ʻana i ka ʻenehana ma hope o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka ho'āʻo.
KĀNĀ FIELD 2018: PĀKAI POTATO
Ma loko o ke kiʻina o ka hālāwai kūkā agro-ʻenehana "ʻekolu lā lā-2018" ma ka moku ʻo Tomsk, ua hoʻolaʻa ʻia kahi lā holoʻokoʻa e ulu ana i kaʻuala. Ma ke kumu o OOO "Kolpakov" ma ka moku ʻo Tomsk - kahi alakaʻi āpana i ka hana uala - kahi seminar e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ma waho pūnaewele "ʻUala ma Siberia: ua mālama ʻia ka ʻike mahiʻai a me nā manaʻolana hoʻomohala". Ua hōʻuluʻulu ka hanana ma kahi o 50 ʻepekema, nā mea hānai, nā mea kanu uala mai Moscow, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk a me nā moku ʻo Tomsk.
Ua mālama ke poʻo o ka ʻoihana Denis Kolpakov i kahi hōʻike hōʻikeʻike o nā pono e ulu nei i kaʻuala, aia ma kahi o 40 mau kikowaena ma ka mahiʻai. Hana pono ʻo John Deer tractors i ka hana pono, hana pono ʻo Lemken i ka mahi mahi ʻai, Grimme potato kanu pākuʻi, a pēlā aku. - ka laulā holoʻokoʻa o nā ʻenehana loea a me nā mea hou i ka ʻenehana mahiʻai, i ʻae ai i ka mahiʻai e hoʻokō pono i ka hana ma ka manawa a me ka manawa. Ua hōʻike ʻia i ka poʻe hui o ka hālāwai i nā lā hou no ka hoʻomākaukau mua ʻana o kaʻuala (e ʻūlū nei i kahi hei 2,5 kg a me nā ʻōpala uku nui i hana ʻia i ka lole-combi; ka hakahaka ʻūlū ʻia o ka ʻuala peeled).
ʻO ka hoihoi kūikawā o nā mea mahiʻai a me nā mea kanu uala-ʻo nā mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ala ʻia e ka nānā ʻana i nā māla e ulu ana i ka ʻuala, kahi e mahi ʻia ai nā ʻano kūloko ʻelua - Kemerovochanin, Tuleyevsky - a me nā haole (no ka manawa mua o kēia makahiki, ua hoʻokau ʻia nā mea kanu hoʻokolohua o nā ʻano uala o ka German Seed Alliance).
"Ua nānā mākou i nā māla o ka māla ʻo Kolpakov LLC a pīhoihoi loa mākou," i ʻōlelo ʻo Anastasia Borovkova, ke poʻo o ka ʻoihana ʻuala o ka German Seed Alliance (Moscow). - Nā ʻenehana i noi ʻia ma ka ʻoihana, mai ka mahi ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i nā mea kanu, - i kahi pae kiʻekiʻe loa. I ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā kūlana aniau paʻakikī a me ke kau e ulu pōkole nei, kūpono ka mahalo i ka hua ʻuala maʻamau o 220 kenekulia i loaʻa ma ka mahiʻai.
Ua hoʻolauna pū ʻia nā mea i komo i ka seminar i ka hana a ka Laboratory of Biotechnological Methods of Breeding and Seed Production of Agricultural Crops of the Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture and Peat - kahi lālā o ka SFSCA RAS ma ke kauhale o Bogashevo, kahi e mālama ʻia nei nā noiʻi hou e kiʻi i nā minitubers maikaʻi o kaʻuala e ka microcloning.