Territory: 53 sq. M. km
Ka heluna kanaka: 3 poʻe, a he 183% o lākou he poʻe noho kūlanakauhale.
He kūlana kiʻi: hapa o ka ʻāpana Federal Volga; Aia i ke komohana me nā wahi o Saratov a me Ulyanovsk, ma ka hema-me ke kahawai Orenburg, ʻākau a me Repubalika Tatarstan, ma ke kūkulu hema me Kazakhstan.
ʻO ke aniau: ʻaʻano Continental, ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hapalua o ka makahiki ke ʻano anticyclonic o ke anilā. ʻO ka mahana maʻamau o ka mahina ma Iulai he + 21 ° С, i Ianuali - 14 ° --. Hōʻike ʻia ke aniau o ka ʻāina e nā hoʻoilo lōʻihi me ka hau liʻiliʻi, nā wai pōkole, nā kauwela wela a me nā maloʻo, a me ka hāʻule pokole ʻO ka panalāʻau o ka ʻāina no kahi o ka lawa ʻole o ka wai. Aia ka ua nui i Iune a me Iulai.
Kākoʻo: Hoʻokaʻawale ka muliwai ʻo Volga a me Samara i ka ʻāpana o ka wahi i ʻāpana ʻekolu: ke Kū Kika kūpono, ka ʻaoʻao hema a me ke kūkulu hema. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻāina (91,2%) moe ma ka Pūnaewele hema. Aia nā kōlea o Kuibyshev a me Saratov i loko o ka ʻāina. Ka laulā ākea, kahi pālahalaha a me ke kūlohelohe, ʻāpono ʻia no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mahiʻai.
Kahua ʻāina hōʻike ʻia e ka heterogeneity koʻikoʻi. Hoʻopili ʻia ka uhi honua o ka wana i nā wahi loea o ka wao nahele a me nā chernozems maʻamau, i waena o nā wahi nui i noho ʻia e ka carbonate. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā kumu o ka wahi i anuʻu e nā chernozems maʻamau a ma ke kūkulu hema, ʻaʻole mauʻu ʻeleʻele mau ka loko, a me nā solonetzes. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻāina i ka pae (a i 80%) he mau palapala pākuʻi a kaumaha nui hoʻi.
Wāhi ʻāina ʻoihana: 3, 387 tausani. Ha.
MOKUAHI MAKAHIKI O KA LAHUI. Nā HIKI A ME NA WAIWAI
Noho ʻo Samara kahi wahi kūikawā i ka mōʻaukala o ka ulu ʻana o ka palaoa kalai Rūkia e ulu nei. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā wahi i hoʻomaka ai ka ulu ʻana o ka hana ma Russia i nā makahiki 90 o ke kenekulia XNUMX: ʻo ka neʻe ʻana i ka mīkini momona kālai ʻia e hana nui ʻia.
I kēia lā, he mea e haʻaheo ai nā mea kanu uala Samara: he mau makahiki ko lākou i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻanoʻano kiʻekiʻe a me nā ʻuala ware, noho ka ʻāina i kekahi o nā wahi koʻikoʻi i Rūsia e pili ana i ka hua o kaʻuala (i ka hopena o ka makahiki 2018, he 295 c / ha ka awelika hua.
Eia nō naʻe, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua emi mau ka māla o ka māla (a, ma ka mea, ʻo ka hoʻopiha helu ʻana) o nā papa pākela ma ka ʻāina. Wahi a ke Kuhina Kūʻai a me ka Meaʻai o ka Samara Region, i ka makahiki 2018, ua kanu ʻia nā mea kanu ma kahi pā o 4,4 mano ha ma ka ʻāina (no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ma ka makahiki 2012, ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo 7,2 tausani ha no kēia kiki). I nā māhele āpau o nā māla o ka ʻāina ʻuala, 274,4 tausani mau mea i hōʻiliʻili ʻia (90,6% hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 2017).
ʻO nā kumu nui no ka nalowale o ka makemake o ka poʻe mahiʻai i ka mea kanu i maopopo i nā mea kanu huaʻala Lūkini: haʻahaʻa kūʻai kumukūʻai no nā huahana, e mau nei i nā makahiki he nui, me nā kumu e ulu ana no ka ulu ʻana i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
"Ua koi ʻia nā mahiʻai e kūʻai aku i kaʻuala ma nā kumukūʻai like me nā makahiki he XNUMX i hala aku nei," wahi a Oleg Vinogradov, ka luna hoʻomalu o ka Union of Potato Growers of the Samara Region, "akā i kēlā manawa aia nā kumukūʻai ʻokoʻa loa no nā mea momona, nā huahana pale mea kanu, nā hua, nā wahie ..."
Wahi a nā loiloi o nā loea kūikawā o ka Union o Potato Breeders, ma ke kumukūʻai ʻana o ka huaʻai o nā meaʻai ʻai o 250-300 tausani mau rubles / ha a me ka hua o 24 t / ha (e ka nui helu mākeke), ʻo ka nui o ka ulu ʻana he 10,4-12,5 rubles / kg, a me ke kumukūʻai ʻo ka kūʻai ʻana i ka mea uala i ka awelika ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 8,2 mau rubles / kg, ka mea e hoʻomōhala ʻia ka hana o ka pālato no nā mea hana.
Ua emi nui ke kōkua o ke aupuni no ka mea kanu ulu i loko o kēia mau makahiki i hala. Inā ma ka makahiki 2012, ua uku ʻia nā mea hoʻopihapiha kaleka no nā kumukūʻai o ke kūʻai ʻana i nā minela o nā minela, nā hua palekana o ka mea kanu, a me ka honi ʻana, i ka makahiki 2019, ʻaʻole i hoʻopili ʻia ka hana o ka mea kanu.
Mai ka papa inoa o nā kākoʻo kākoʻo aupuni, hiki i ka mea ulu o ka ʻūlala ke lana wale nō no ka hoʻolimalima a me nā uku no ka kūʻai ʻana o nā hua elit.
Ma ka papa inoa o nā pilikia o nā māla ʻo Samara, ʻo Oleg Vinogradov single e pili ana i ka launa pū ʻana me nā kūloko hale kūʻai, ʻo ia nā mea kūʻai nui o nā ware ware.
"ʻO kēlā me kēia mea hana," e hoʻomaopopo ana ka luna hoʻomalu o ka Union of Potato Growers, "makemake e loaʻa i kahi kumukūʻai maikaʻi no kāna huahana. Akā koi mau ʻia ʻo ia e unuhi mai kāna loaʻa kālā i nā kālā no ke komo ʻana a me nā uku pānaʻi, uku pānaʻi, a pēlā aku. He paʻakikī loa ke ola i kēlā ʻano kūlana ”.
Eia kekahi, no ka lua o ka makahiki ua ʻike mua ʻia, nā mea kanu o ka mea kanu i ka ʻāina i ka hoʻokūkū o ka hoʻokūkū mai nā mea kanu mua o nā ʻāina kanu: ʻo ka hāʻawi ʻana o nā hua kanu hou e hoʻomaka ana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wai, i loko o kēia manawa ua lawa mau ka ʻāina i kāna huahana kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kahi mahele nui o nā ʻuala kūloko i kū ʻole ʻia. Wahi a ka Union of Potato Breeders, ma ka lā 1 ʻApelila 2019, ua noho wale ia he 11150 tons o ka mea kanu i ka waiho ʻana ma nā hale kūʻai o nā māla o ka ʻāina ʻo Samara.
ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo kēia kūlana i ka ʻoihana e alakaʻi i ka nalowale o kēlā mau kuleana i mālama ʻia e ka ʻāina ma nā makahiki he 20 i hala iho nei.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ma ke ʻano he lunahoomalu o ka Uniona o nā mea kanu uala o ka ʻāpana Samara, ke poʻo o ka hui hua "Molyanov Agro Group" Vladimir Molyanov e hoʻokūkū nei, ʻaʻole hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ke kūlana i kēia manawa no ka ʻāpana a me ka ʻāina holoʻokoʻa. "ʻAʻole kēia ka manawa mua i kū nā pilikia o nā mea mahi ʻuala o ka ʻāina," i ʻōlelo ʻo ia. - Ua ola mākou i ka maloʻo o 2010, kahi heleleʻi moʻolelo i hāʻule i nā kumukūʻai i ka 2015 hōʻiliʻili nui. I kēlā mau makahiki paʻakikī, ua ola nā mahiʻai, i aʻo e hana i kahi huahana me nā koina liʻiliʻi. Pili kēia i kēia manawa. "
ʻO ka mahele ʻelua ma ke ala i kūleʻa ai, e like me Molyanov, pono e hana ma ka huahana huahana: "Ma kahi o 30 mau makahiki i ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻuala e ulu ana ma ka ʻāina, ua aʻo lākou e ulu nui. Ke mau nei ia e hoʻokō kūlike i waena o ka nui a me ka maikaʻi.
Ua haʻi ʻo ka Luna o ka Potato Breeders Union e pili ana ka lehulehu o ka hakakā ʻana no ka maikaʻi. Maanei e hiki ai iā mākou ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka pono no ka hoʻopuka ʻana i nā ʻano ʻenike kūpono no ka holoi ʻana a me ka ʻohi; a me ka mea nui o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻāina, a me ka nānā ʻohi ʻana i nā rula ʻōlelo ʻōpō a me nā mea he nui hou aku.
"Hiki i kekahi ke hoʻopiʻi i ka uku o nā rubles he ʻumi i kēlā me kēia kilokilo," wahi a Vladimir Molyanov, "akā ke aʻo nei i ka ʻike ʻEulopa, maopopo iā mākou e loaʻa ana i ka mea mahiʻai i laila ka nui no kāna huahana. Pono e aʻo e noho i kēia mau ʻano, e noʻonoʻo i nā mea āpau a pau, e hoʻohana i nā manawa āpau no ka mālama ʻana, ʻaʻole e kanu "ma ke ʻano lōkō", me ka manaʻolana ma kahi e piʻi ʻole ai nā hoalauna, paʻa hau, make. He paʻakikī kēia, akā ʻo ke ala hiki wale nō. ʻAʻole ola ke koena i kēia heihei. "
Ua hōʻike ke poʻo o ka Union of Potato Breeders o ka wahi i ka neʻe ʻana i kēia ala i nā ʻoihana nunui o ka wahi: "He mau mea i loaʻa iā mākou ka mea i hoʻokō nui i ka ulu ʻana i ka ʻuala, akā ʻaʻole lākou i pau i kā lākou kūlana. ʻO ka pāmu ʻiwa ʻo "Tsirulev", no ka laʻana, e hōʻike i nā makahiki hou, nā haku hoʻokō hoʻokō. He mea nui kēia hana, akā, inā ʻaʻole loaʻa kēia hopena. "
KA MANAHU A IA
I nā makahiki 90, ua loaʻa nā hua uala i nā mahiʻai o ka ʻāina ʻo Samara ma ka pae o 60-70 kg / ha. I loko o kēia manawa, hoʻomaka ka hū o nā hua kanu i lawe ʻia i loko o ka ʻāina (ka nui o ka wae ʻana i ka Kelemania: ʻo kekahi o nā mea kōkua mua ʻo ia ka māhele Kelemania ʻo Solana). Ma nā māla i ulu ai nā mea ʻuala i ulu, ua loaʻa i mua ka hua ma mua o 330 c / ha.
I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, hoʻomaka ka māhele o nā hua hua i lawe ʻia i loko o ka māhele ʻo Samara. ʻAʻole wale ka loea o nā haole me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kanu, akā ua hana nō hoʻi i nā hana ikaika i ka hoʻāʻo a ke koho ʻana i nā laina kūwele hou, a loaʻa ka hopena hoihoi. Kēia mea i waiho ʻia ai nā kuʻuna, e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻāina i kēia lā e noho nei i ke kūlana o ka hana hua. Ma ke kumukūʻai he 10 tausani tons o ka nui o ka mea kanu hua līlū e kūʻai ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma waho o ka Samara Region.
Ma ka makahiki waena o 90s, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka makemake nui i ka ʻoki ʻana, ua hoʻomaka ʻia nā ʻuala a me nā mea kanu huaola ma nā ʻepekema ʻepekema o kēia wahi, ka mea i pae mua i ka palaoa a me ka maiʻa no ka ʻāina. No laila, ua hoʻokumu nā mea loea o ka Samara Research Institute o ʻAlohala i ʻekolu mau hua kanu i komo ʻia ma ka State List of Selection Achievements: Samara (2002), Zhigulevsky (2006) a me Bezenchuksky (2016).
I kēia lā, e hoʻomau nei ka Samara Research Institute of Agriculture i ka hoʻouluulu a me nā hana o nā ʻuala: ua kūkulu ʻia kahi papahana no ka hoʻomāhuahua hou ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻopuka ʻana mai i nā ʻano hua olakino maikaʻi ʻole o ka maʻi viral, viroid, fungal a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe e hoʻohana ana i nā hana biotechnological, kahi pēpē o nā ʻano palaka olakino i kūpono loa i nā kūlana agroclimatic o ka wana o Samara.
Kūkulu ʻia ka māla o nā hua he superelite, elite a me ka hana mua i ka hana o nā loina e ulu ana i nā hua o ka ʻāina.
ʻO FSBSI "Samara Research Institute of Agriculture" (me ka Samara Agrarian University, LLC "Agrostar" a me ʻekolu mau hua hana) he lālā o ka Federal Scientific and Technical Program no ka Hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mahiʻai no 2017-2025. - kahi papahana ʻepekema laulā a me ka ʻenehana "hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka ʻuala a me ka hana ʻana i nā hua ma ka ʻāpana Samara", i kākoʻo ʻia e ke Kuhina mahiʻai a me nā meaʻai o ka ʻāina ʻo Samara. ʻO nā pahuhopu nui o ka papahana ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano hou me ka hiki ke hana kiʻekiʻe, ka hana ʻana i nā huahana biology kūpono a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o nā uala hua. Ma ka 2025, manaʻo ʻia ka papahana e loaʻa i ʻehā mau ʻano ʻuala hou.
KA ʻĀHUI
ʻO kēia lā ma ka mokuʻo Samara, ʻaʻohe kālā nui hoʻokahi o ka ʻoihana nunui no ka hana hohonu o ka ʻuala, ʻoiai ka nīnau no ka pono e wehe i ia hana ʻana ma ka kaiāulu ʻoihana. Ua noʻonoʻo ʻia nā pono o ka wā e hana ai i nā pōpoki, nā palu kuikahi, ke kākala kime i hoʻololi ʻia. Mai ka manaʻo o nā poʻe loea, ʻo ia ke starch e koi nui i ka mākeke i kēia lā. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia huahana i nā huahana he nui, ke ulu nei ka make i kēlā me kēia makahiki i kēia makahiki, akā naʻe ma kā mākou'āina e hana ʻole ʻia.
Eia nō naʻe, e like me ka ʻōlelo a Vladimir Molyanov, pono e nānā hou aʻe i kēia kumuhana. "He mea nui ʻaʻole wale e kūkulu i kahi mea kanu," e wehewehe ana ke poʻo o ka Union of Potato Growers i kona kūlana, "akā no ka hoʻolana ʻana i ka hana, nā hoʻopukapuka kālā e uku ai, a ma loko o kahi manawa i maopopo iā mākou. ʻO ka manaʻo ia he mea pono e nānā i ka hiki i ka mākeke, ʻike i nā mea hoʻokūkū hiki ke loaʻa (me nā mea e hoʻolālā wale nei e wehe i ka hana), e helu i nā kumukūʻai loiloi ... Hāʻawi ʻia i ka hoʻopukapuka kūpono, e paʻakikī kēia.
Reclamation o
Ma kahi kokoke i nā ʻuala a Samara (a ʻo 99%), ulu ʻia i ka ʻenehana ʻoihana o ka ʻāina, e ulu ana ma ka wai. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia ka wahi ʻo Samara a i kēia manawa i ka helu o nā wahi i manaʻo ʻia ai ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻāina i ke kumu nui no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka loaʻa o nā hana mahiai, a no laila, ua hoʻolako ʻia nā kumuwaiwai āpau a me nā kumuwaiwai no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kēia kuhikuhi.
"Malia paha, ʻo ke kiko holoʻokoʻa aia ko mākou ʻāina ma ka palena o ka wahi maloʻo, loaʻa mākou i nā mea kanu (cereals, ʻo kahi laʻana) i hiki ke hana me ka ʻole o ka hoʻoulu wai," wehewehe ʻo Vladimir Molyanov. "Ma nā wahi e paʻakikī ai ka noʻonoʻo ʻana e ulu ana kekahi mea me ka ʻole o ka wai, ʻokoʻa loa ke ʻano o ka hoʻoponopono ʻāina."
Akā e loli mālie wale ke kūlana. Kahi ʻia ka hoʻomohala hou ʻana o ka ʻāina me ka mahele nui o ka ʻahahui kūloko o ka papahana federal "Export o nā huahana mahiʻai", i loko o ka pā o ana he 2019 hekeleka o ka ʻāina irrigated e hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka agro-industry complex o ka ʻāina i ka 2021-4,8. No kēia mau pahuhopu, hāʻawi ʻia ka hāʻawi kālā o ka waihona kālā o ka ʻāpana ʻo ka Samara ma ka nui o 395,7 miliona mau rubles.
E like me ka ʻike o ka Samarameliovodkhoz FSBI, i ka makahiki i hala i hala, ua uhi ke ʻano o ke aupuni ma mua o 20 tausani ha me ka irrigation. I kēia makahiki, e pili ana nā hoʻolālā irigation i ka 23 mano hekahi.
In 2019, he hoʻolako ia no ka uku kālā mai ka waihona kālā regional 20% o ka nui o ka uku no ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā wai no ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana o ka wai no nā ʻoihana mahiai, kahi e hoʻokomo ai i nā hale hana i hana hou ʻia i kēia makahiki.
KAHIKI
Hāʻawi ʻia ka hapa nui o nā mahi ʻai i nā ʻuala i loko o ka ʻāina me kā lākou pono ponoʻī no ka mālama ʻana i nā huahana o ulu. ʻO ka nui o nā hale kanu i loko o kēia lā ka mea e pili ana iā 130 tausani tons, kahi ma kahi o 90% o ka pono.
Mai ka makahiki 2018, ua hōʻohana ʻia ka māla ʻo Samara ma ke kikowaena kūloko. He kiko ākea kēia a me ka ʻāpana hoʻoneʻe me kahi o ka 30 tausani mau mita kapeka. m, pono no e mālama a me ke kūʻai aku ʻana i nā huahana o ka mahiʻai (ma mua ka hua a me ka lau). Ua hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia kahi lako hana ma ka wahi o ka ORC no ka hapa manawa a me ka ʻalū o nā ʻuala a me nā mea kanu.
Hiki i kēlā me kēia mahiʻai ke hoʻohana iā ia e lawe i kāna mau huahana e like me nā koi o nā kaulahao kūʻai. Eia nō naʻe, e like me ka leka a Oleg Vinogradov, ʻaʻohe nui o nā poʻe e makemake e lanakila i ka māla mahiʻai: ʻo ka nui o nā mea hana nui i loaʻa i kā lākou mau pono hana, a me nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi, e like me ke kānāwai, kūʻai aku i kā lākou huahana ma nā mea waena.
ʻOiai hiki ke kūpono i kēlā manawa, hiki i ka palapala ORC ke loaʻa i nā mea kaulana i ka wahi. No ka laʻana, ma waena o nā ʻoihana ʻepekema kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai.
KAHIKU
ʻO ke kulanui kumu e hāʻawi ai i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻāpana mahiai ma ia wahi ʻo Samara State Agrarian University. He loiloi lōʻihi ia o ke kulanui, he mau tausani o nā mea loea he nui i hele mai i waho o kona mau pā.
I kēia lā, ua hāʻawi ke kulanui i ke aʻo ʻana ma ʻeono mau kumu aʻoaʻo: Agronomy, Biotechnology a me Veterinary Medicine, Engineering, Technological, Economic, Ke hoʻomau i ka hoʻonaʻauao a me ka hoʻomau mau ʻana i ka hoʻonaʻauao. Loaʻa i nā alakaʻi o ka wā e hiki mai i ka ʻoihana mahiʻai i ka ʻike ma ke Institute of Management Technologies a me ka Māla Kūʻai Mea Nui, kahi ʻano hana like ia o ke kulanui.
Ma ka 2019, ua wehe ʻia ke komo ʻana no nā wahi 1811 (1308 mau haumāna e ʻae ʻia i ka makahiki mua no nā papahana laepua, 100 mau haumāna no ka papahana loea, 403 mau haumāna no nā papahana a ka haku).
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻoikaika ikaika ke kulanui i kahi ʻano hoʻonaʻauao ʻano hoʻonaʻauao: no nā haumāna makua, ʻo ke aʻo kula a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa pono e pili ana i ka like o ka manawa like. Eia kekahi, aʻo nā haumāna i nā kumu o ka hana pono ma ka ʻoihana holomua o ka ʻoihana ʻoihana ʻo Samara.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia e nānā nui ka ʻāina i ke kākoʻo ʻana i nā loea ʻōpio i koho e hana ma kuaʻāina. Ma ke ʻāpana o ka hoʻokō ʻia o ke kānāwai o ka moku ʻo Samara 28-GD "Ma ke kākoʻo mokuʻāina no nā limahana o ka ʻāpana Samara" nā haumāna puka me ke aʻo kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i hoʻolimalima ʻia no ka manawa mua ma lalo o kahi ʻaelike hana ma kahi hui mahiʻai a i ʻole kahi mahiʻai mahiʻai a nā mahiʻai i loaʻa i kahi kālā nui o 69 tausani rubles , nā haumāna puka kula me ka hoʻonaʻauao kula kiʻekiʻe - 34,5 tausani rubles.