Territory: 83 km2.
Ka heluna kanaka: 1 791 916 poʻe, a nona ka nui he 64,04%.
ʻO kahi kūlana'āina: Aia ka moku ʻo Leningrad ma ka ʻāina o ka East Europe Plain. Aia ia ma ka ʻākau a me ka Repubalika o Karelia, ma ka hikina - me ka moku ʻo Vologda, ma ka hema hikina - me ka moku ʻo Novgorod, ma ka hema - me ka moku ʻo Pskov, ma ke komohana - me Estonia a ma ka ʻākau komohana - me Finilani. Mai ke komohana, holoi ʻia ka ʻāina ʻo St. Petersburg a me ka Leningrad Region e nā wai o ke Kai Kūʻono o Finilani.
ʻO ke aniau: ʻAkelanelana. ʻO ke kai ākea ke kuleana o nā hoʻoilo me nā ʻauwela pinepine a me nā kauwela mahana mehana. ʻO ka awelika o Ianuali wela -11 °, ka awelika o Iulai me + 17 °. ʻO ke anuanu ke anuanu no nā ʻāina hikina, ka mea mehana no nā wahi komohana hema. ʻO ka nui o ka ua i kēlā me kēia makahiki he 600-800 mm, me ka hapa nui e hāʻule ana ma nā puʻu, a ʻo ka mea liʻiliʻi loa - ma nā kahakai kahakai. Kūleʻa ka presipitation i ke kauwela a me ke kauwela. I ka hoʻoilo, hāʻule ka ua e like me ka hau, ʻike ʻia ka uhi hau paʻa i ka hapa lua o Nowemapa a hoʻoheheʻe i ka hapa lua o ʻApelila. ʻO ka helu nui o nā lā me ka ua e pili ana iā 290 ma ka awelika.
Kākoʻo: ka hapa nui me nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o 50-150 mau mika ma luna o ka pae kai. Akā ʻike ʻia ka ʻāina o ka Karelian Isthmus e kahi kōkua koʻikoʻi me ka nui o nā loko. ʻO ka lae kiʻekiʻe ʻo Mount Kivisurya, 203 mika ke kiʻekiʻe.
O ka lepo: ʻo ka nui podzolic, ʻilihune i ka humus a ʻike ʻia e ka acidity nui. I ka manawa like, ma nā loams, ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa me ka hoʻonui nui ʻana o ka momona, hana ʻia nā lepo podzolic kiʻekiʻe me kahi papa mānoanoa o luna. Ma nā one one a me nā one, ʻaʻole e mālama pono i ka wai, e loaʻa nā lepo podzolic nāwaliwali i nā ulu lāʻau pine. Ma kahi e nui ai nā lau nahelehele - i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe o nā ululāʻau, i nā ululāʻau huikau a deciduous paha - nā ʻāina lepo sod-podzolic. ʻO nā pōhaku e hana ana i ka lepo nui he mau ākea, nā loams, nā one a me nā peat.
Ka ʻāina mahiai: 617,6 tausani maueka, o ka ʻāina mahi ʻia - 360 tausani maueka.
ʻO ka Leningrad Region, i kūlike me kona kūlana kūlana, aia ma ke kaona o ka mahiʻai palekana. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka ʻāina e nā ʻano aniau paʻakikī (kulu pinepine ka mahana, ua nui) a me nā lepo ʻilihune. Hoʻopilikia kēia mau mea āpau i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hana uala papa. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ke aniau akau e ʻoluʻolu ai i ka ʻāina no ka hana ʻana i nā hua: i kēia lā, ulu nui ʻia kaʻuala ma ka Leningrad Region.
Wahi a nā hōʻike ʻo 2017, ma ka Leningrad Region e pili ana he 50 mau mea mahiʻai a ʻo ka mahiʻai mahiʻai e hana ana i ka hana o ka pāu i ka wahi o 4,7 mano ha.
Ma mua o 40 mau ʻano ʻuala i mahi ʻia ma ka ʻāina, nona ka liʻiliʻi he 37% (ma ka awelika ma ka Russian Federation - 25%), 28% o kēia helu he ʻano Lūkia i hana ʻia e nā mea hoʻohua o ka Leningrad Region.
Ma ka mokona, 16 tausani mau mea kanu o ka hua kanu e hoʻohana ʻia no ke kanu ʻana i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻo ia hoʻi he 6 tausani tons o ka home a me 10 tausani tons o ke koho ʻē aʻe. Mai nā hua ʻāina ʻē:
- 0,5 tausani tons (5%) o ka hana hou i ka hoʻokō pono;
- Ua loaʻa i kahi 9,5 tausani mau (95%) kū hoʻokahi i nā ʻenehana o ka wahi (ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻenehana no ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻano ʻuala haole a ua loaʻa i nā pono o nā mea i loaʻa.
ʻO ka Leningrad Region kahi o nā ʻāpana he konoho i kūloko o ka Lūkini Rūsia i ʻike ʻia e ke Aupuni o ka Lūkini Rukua e lilo i mākaʻi no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka Polokalamu Hoʻohui Kūpono o ka Lūkā Lūkini. "Kōkua ʻepekema no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi kālā hānai ʻeuwī, nā mea palekana o nā mea kanu no ka hana ʻana o nā huahana mahiʻai kūwaho e nā mea hana Lūkini, a no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā ʻenehana hana (hoʻoulu) a me ka mālama ʻana i nā huahana no 2016."
Loaʻa ka hiki ʻana o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hana kanu huaʻai ma ka Leningrad Region e nā ʻano mea:
- nā kūlana kumu kūpono no kēia ʻano hana (haʻahaʻa o nā pōpilikia a me nā maʻi i make ʻia e ka makani mai ke kai Baltic i ke kauwela, hoʻoilo ʻia ka lepo i ka hohonu o kahi pā i loko o ka hoʻoilo);
- ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hui noiʻi;
- nui nā makahiki o ka ʻike i ka hana ʻana o nā hua kanu e nā ʻenehana mahiʻai ma ia wahi.
Nā mākaʻikaʻi
Ke hana ikaika nei nā Breeders o ka Leningrad Region e hana i nā ʻano uala Lūkia hou. Wahi a Nadim Gadzhiev, ke poʻo o ke keʻena koho a me nā hana hana hua o ka Leningrad Research Institute o ka mahiʻai "Belogorka", ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o nā ʻano kūloko i nā haole, akā i nā palena he nui (e laʻa me ka hua, ka launa aloha) a ʻoi aku i nā noi komo. Ma waena o nā hana hou a nā mea hānai, Nadim Hajiyev i hoʻomaopopo i kahi ʻano Charoite mua loa (hiki ke ʻeli mua ma ka 45th lā ma hope o ka germination. ʻO ka hua mai 60 t / ha a ma luna, kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka plasticity - hōʻike i nā hopena maikaʻi i nā makahiki maloʻo a pulu hoʻi) a me ke ʻano waena Gusar (hua mai 60 t / ha a me nā mea hou aku, 95% kūʻai, kūpaʻa i ka maʻi ʻaʻai, nematode ʻuala gula, nā maʻi viral). Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Charoite i loko o ka State Register o ka Russian Federation no ka North-West Region ma 2014, Gusar - i ka State Register o ka Russian Federation no ka North-West a me Volga-Vyatka Regions ma 2017.
ʻĀnō nei ʻo nā kānaka ʻepekema o ka Leningrad Scientific Research Institute o ka Kūʻai ʻana e hoʻokuʻu i ʻekolu ʻano ʻulaʻula hou.
HANOLELO KULA
I ka pae ʻoihana, ʻewalu mau mahiʻai e hana ana i ka hana o nā hua kanu i ka ʻāina, i hōʻoia ʻia i loko o ka ʻōnaehana loiloi a Rosselkhoztsentr a komo i loko o ka papa inoa o nā hua kanu e ulu ana me nā māla Lūkia.
I loko o nā ʻekolu o nā māla hua ʻānia i hōʻoia ʻia, ua hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia ka hua kanu mua ma o ka meristem way (ZAO Oktyabrskoye, ZAO PZ Prinevskoye a me OOO Slavyanka M).
Hoʻokomo ʻia kēia mau mahiʻai me nā hale hana meristem. ʻO ka nui o ka hana 259 tausani mau ʻāpana. microplants a me 1,95 miliona pcs. minitubers i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻo ka hopena o ka super-super-elite he 1,8 tausani tona i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO ka hana makahiki o nā microplants ma ka ʻāina ʻo 33% (mai 776,8 tausani mau ʻāpana) a me nā minitubers - 19% (mai ka 10478,8 tausani mau hui) - ka mua a me ka lua o nā wahi i ka hana ma Rūsia.
Eia kekahi, ma nā māla: Vsevolozhskaya ke kikowaena koho LLC, Semenovodstvo LLC, Federal State Budget Scientific Institution Menki lālā o ka hua kōlū hua kō o AFI i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma kahi ʻano. ʻO ka huina o ka hana super-super-elites i kēia mau mahiʻai, ʻo 0,56 tausani kaona o ka makahiki.
ʻO ka nui o ka super-super-elite, i hana ʻia ma ka ʻāpana i ʻelua mau ala, a ʻo 2,4 mano mau mea i ʻoi ʻia ma mua o ʻekolu mau makahiki. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o ʻelua mau ʻano o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka hua mua e hiki ai ke mālama i ka pono o ka varietal a me ka lulu ʻana i nā ʻano o nā hua līlū hua ma kahi kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO ka rehiyon o Leningrad, i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka hiki, e hiki ke pālua i ka hana o nā hua kanu ma mua o ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka manaʻo no kēia huahana ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka Lūkini Lūkia, a me ka mea e kahakaha ai i ke kauā mai i nā hua kanu mai nā ʻāina o EU.
I kēia lā, ma kahi o 8 tausani mau tona o nā hua uala i kūʻai ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ka ʻāina, e like me 6 mau tona i hoʻolako ʻia ma waho o ka ʻāina - i nā wahi he 33 o ka Russian Federation, mai ka moku ʻo Arkhangelsk a i ka Repubalika o Dagestan mai ka ʻākau a ka hema a mai ka ʻaoʻao Kaliningrad a Sakhalin mai ke komohana i ka Hikina.
Kahi ʻia ka ʻōnaehana kūloko no ka hana o ka hua uala ma ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kumu kumu no nā ʻoihana meristem. I ka manawa like, ua hana ʻia kahi hana ma ka wā i loko o ke kaanahu o ka pāmu hoʻokahi i hui ʻia nā ʻekolu o nā hana hua: e loaʻa ana i nā kumuwaiwai kumu, nā kumu mua a me ka hua elite. Ma ka hoʻohālikelike, lawe ʻia ke koho clonal i ka mahina, a hoʻomaikaʻi pinepine ʻia ka hōʻiliʻili o nā microplants ma o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka clones kula maikaʻi loa i ka moʻomeheu ho'āʻo.
I ka 2017, waiho ʻia nā ʻoihana āpana no ka mālama hoʻoilo o 21,6 tausani mau tona o ka hua uala - 119% i ka pae o 2016 a me 210% i ka pono no ka lūlū ʻana i ka pua (10,2 tausani tona).
Koho ʻia ka ʻEDlelo Kānāwai EKOHO
Ma ka Leningrad Region, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻoponopono i nā manawa āpau a ka hoʻomohala hua kanu. Kuhi ʻia ka maikaʻi o ka microplants e ke ʻano PCR kūpono loa, ma ka pae DNA. I ka hoʻomakaʻana o nā kumuwaiwai (microplants) a me nā hua mua, hana ʻia ka ELISA. Ma ka mahina, ua hoʻokomo ikaika nā mea ʻenehana pono āpau, a ua hoʻohana ʻia nā lako mīkini pai a Grimme no ka kanu ʻana, mālama, ʻoki ʻana i nā ʻuala a me ka kau ʻana iā lākou no ka mālama.
HE KAHUAI NUI
I mea e pale ʻole ai i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻano pākala huaole nā koho ʻē aʻe, ke ʻimi nei nā kulekele o ka wahi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hua kanu huaʻai e ʻimi nei i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā ʻano pāliki hua ʻāina hou me nā mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻenehana, hana i nā kūlana maikaʻi no kā lākou hoʻopua hua mua, a me ka hōʻoia pū i kā lākou hoʻomaka ʻana i ka hana ʻana.
No ka hoʻokō i ka hoʻolālā o ke kākoʻo ʻepekema a me ka loea no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mahiʻai ma kēia wahi, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi Kaho Kōlekanu Aupuni i ke Aupuni o ka Leningrad Region.
Ma ka makahiki 2016, kahi hoʻolālā (hoʻolālā) o ke kākoʻo ʻepekema a me ka loea no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻuala e ulu ana ma ka Leningrad Region. ʻAʻole hāʻawi kēia hoʻolālā i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi koho hou a me ke kikowaena ulu hoʻomohala i ke kula. E hoʻokau ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mea kanu i ka manaʻo e ʻike nei i ka pono o ka ʻepekema i hiki ʻole a me ka pono o nā mea hana hana mahiʻai e hana nei i ka mahiʻai mua a me ka hua elite.
ʻO nā mea hele i ka Polokalamu Hoʻohui Potato ma ka Leningrad Region:
- Ke Kulanui All-Russian no ka pale ʻana i nā mea kanu (i mea e hana ai i ka hana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pesticides a me nā agrochemicals o ke kumu olaola i ka ulu ʻana o kaʻuala);
- ʻO ka lālā Pushkin o ka All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources i kapa ʻia ma hope o N.I. ʻO Vavilova (me ke kumu o ka hoʻokolohua a me nā hoʻokolohua kūlohelohe o nā ʻano kanu ʻāina hou aʻe e mālama ʻia);
- ʻO ka Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Leningrad Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture" Belogorka "(i ka hana e hana i ka hana o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā ʻano hoʻokūkū hou o ka hua kanu);
- ʻO Vsevolozhskaya ke kikowaena kikowaena ʻo LLC (ua ʻike maopopo ʻia nā ʻano hua ʻuala o ke kahua a ua noi nui ʻia, no ka laʻana, pono ka nui o ka ʻekekipa o Nevsky ma ka lua o ka helu ʻana i nā ʻano o ka mea kanu ma ka Russian Federation).
- huaʻai huaʻai: CJSC Oktyabrskoe, CJSC PZ Prinevskoye, LLC Slavyanka M, LLC Production Production, Federal Budget Budget Scientification Menkovsky lālā o ka API (no ke kumu o ka hoʻoulu ʻana, ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka hana a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻohiki ʻana i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i loko o ka hana).
I mea e hoʻokō ai i nā ana i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻuala e ulu ana ma ka ʻāina Leningrad, e ʻike ʻia nā ʻaelike kolu ma waena o ke Aupuni o ka ʻāina, nā ʻepekema ʻepekema mahiʻai a me nā mea mahiʻai.
Hoʻomaka mai 2017, nā kālā o ka waihona kālā ma ka nui o 10 miliona mau rubles i hoʻolako ʻia no ka mahele nui no ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻuala ulu. i kēlā me kēia makahiki no ka hana hou ʻana i nā mea hana hoʻomohala ma kahi o ka loaʻa ʻana no kēia mau hana:
- ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea hana no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hua kanu o nā ʻuala,
- ka wehe ʻana i nā hua kanu ʻāina i loko o ka hana,
- ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hana hoʻohiki ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka maikaʻi o ka mana o nā hua kanu hua a me ka hana ʻana o nā minicubers i lalo o nā kūlana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
Eia kekahi, ke hōʻike nei ke Komite no ka Leningrad Region i kēlā me kēia makahiki (i ka makahiki 2016 a me nā makahiki ma hope iho o ka nui o 63 miliona mau rubles) e hāʻawi ana i nā kālā mai nā waihona kūloko e uku hou i nā kumukūʻai i nā mea hana hoʻomohala e kāohi ana no ka kūʻai ʻana o nā lako ma lalo o ka subprogram "ʻenehana a me ka hoʻonanea ʻenehana. , hana hoʻomohala o ka papahana o ka moku'āina.
Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia ia mea e nā lawelawe nūpepa a ke Kōmike ma ka agro-industrial and fishing fishing of the Leningrad faritra