Pehea ʻoe e ʻike ai inā ʻaʻole maʻi ka hua ʻuala?
He paʻakikī ka hoʻokele ʻana i ka ʻoihana hua ʻuala ʻAmelika. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻāina a mokuʻāina paha kona mau lula hōʻoia hua ponoʻī, e hana ana i ka like ʻole.
ʻOkoʻa nā polokalamu ʻuala hua ma muli o nā mākeke a lākou e lawelawe ai. Inā loaʻa i kahi mokuʻāina kahi hana pāʻoihana koʻikoʻi, ʻo kāna pahuhopu nui paha ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā hua i kā lākou mahiʻai pāʻoihana, "wahi a Nina Zidak, Montana State University, Associate Research Professor, seed potato certifier.
ʻAʻohe ʻoihana ʻuala pāʻoihana ma Montana, no laila ke nānā aku nei i nā hua, wahi a Zidak.
ʻO ka pahuhopu o ka papahana hōʻoia ʻuala hua ʻaʻole ia e hoʻolako i nā ʻanoʻano maʻi ʻole, akā e hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana o nā ʻanoʻano i nā kūlana maikaʻi i ʻae ʻia, wahi a Kasia Duellman, ke kaukaʻi a me ka loea ʻuala ma ke Kulanui o Idaho.
"Hāʻawi nā papahana hōʻoia hua i ka hōʻoia kūʻokoʻa, ʻaoʻao ʻekolu o ka maikaʻi o nā hua ʻuala," wahi a Alan Vestra o ka Idaho Crop Improvement Association, Southeast Region Manager. Hoʻoholo nā keʻena hōʻoia i ka mea e hoʻoholo ai i ka maikaʻi o ka ʻuala. ʻAʻole kēia manaʻo ʻaʻole hiki i ke kino hōʻoia ke koi i ka nele o kekahi mau maʻi.
"Ma nā papahana he nui, hōʻike nā maʻamau i ka pale ʻole no kekahi mau maʻi a me ka hoʻomanawanui no nā mea ʻē aʻe," wahi a Duellman. "ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia kekahi mau maʻi no nā hua hoʻohua kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole no nā hanauna āpau i manaʻo ʻia no ka hōʻoia ʻana."
ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole e hōʻoia ʻia nā ʻano hua me kahi maʻi i ʻike ʻia, wahi a Duellman. I nā hihia ʻē aʻe, akā naʻe, hiki ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi hoʻomanawanui. "Inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻomanawanui, hoʻemi ʻia ka maikaʻi o ka ʻano hua a hōʻole ʻia," wahi āna.
Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka palapala hōʻoia e ka hanauna. Kūʻai pinepine ʻia nā hua hoʻohua kiʻekiʻe (maʻamau) i nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe nāna e hoʻolaha iā lākou a hiki i hoʻokahi makahiki ma mua o ka pono ʻana i nā mea kanu ʻoihana. Kūʻai lākou i nā ʻano hua ʻuala ma hope, ʻo ka maʻamau o nā hanauna 3 a piʻi. Hiki ke kiʻekiʻe ke kūlana no ka hanauna ma mua, no ka mea, e hoʻonui wale ʻia nā pilikia me kēia mau ʻanoʻano ke ulu ʻia e nā mea kanu hua a laila e nā mea kanu ʻoihana.
He kūlana maikaʻi ʻole ka papahana hōʻoia o ke Kulanui o Montana. Ma muli paha o ka manaʻo nui o nā mea kanu o kēia mokuʻāina i ka hana hua. "Ke ʻimi nei mākou e hana i nā hua i hiki ke hōʻoia hou ʻia no ka hana ʻana i ka ʻuala ma nā mokuʻāina ʻē aʻe," wahi a Zidak.
Ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa o nā papahana palapala, ua lohe mākou i nā manaʻo he nui e pili ana i kēlā me kēia papahana.
Hoʻāʻo nā Lunamakaʻāinana o ke Kulanui o Montana i nā mea kanu kumu āpau a me ka hanauna mua no ka maʻi mosaic (PVY). Hana pū lākou i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, me ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā laʻana mai nā māla mahiʻai āpau i Hawaii no ka ulu ʻana i ka wā. Nānā ka hui a lawe i ka lau o kēlā me kēia mea kanu a hoʻihoʻi iā lākou i ka lab. Hoʻāʻo ʻia nā lau no nā maʻi maʻi ʻekolu: PVY, maʻi ʻuala X (PVX) a me ka maʻi ʻuala A (PVA).
ʻAʻole ʻo ka Wisconsin Seed Potato Certification Program e nānā wale i ka hua i ʻelua manawa i ke kauwela a ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, akā no ka mālama ʻana a me nā wahi hoʻouna. Wahi a Russell Groves, ke kaukaʻi a me ka loea hoʻonui ma ke Kulanui o Wisconsin a me ka luna hoʻomalu o ka Wisconsin Seed Potato Certification Program, ʻoiai ke hana mau nei ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana, he mea koʻikoʻi ia e hōʻano hou i nā protocol hoʻāʻo diagnostic no ka ʻike pathogen a me nā kaʻina hana e kaupalena ʻia ai ka hui ʻana.
He kī nui ka palapala. He mea maʻamau ka hele ʻana o nā hua i nā laina mokuʻāina kahi e pono ai lākou e kūpono no kahi papahana hōʻoia. "ʻO kahi ʻano ʻē aʻe o kahi papahana hōʻoia ikaika ʻo ka wehe ʻana i nā mea kanu i hoʻopilikia ʻia," wahi a Brian A. Charlton, ka luna hoʻomalu o ke Keʻena ʻo Klamath Basin Potato o ke Kulanui o Oregon State.
Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki i ka palapala hōʻoia ke hoʻololi i kahi pilina ikaika ma waena o nā mea hoʻolako hua a me nā mea kanu. "I koʻu manaʻo, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hilinaʻi a me ke komo ʻana ma mua o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana," wahi a Reagan Grabner, hope pelekikena o CSS Farms, kahi mea hana hua ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo Wakinekona. "Pono ka mea kanu hua a me ka mea kanu pāʻoihana i kahi pilina pili a ʻae i ke ʻano o ka hoʻopuka ʻana i kahi huahana kiʻekiʻe."