ʻO Boris Anisimov: ʻIke wau me OPTIMISM I KA LĀ LĀ LĀ O KA LULU O RUSSIAN POTATO e ulu nei!
ʻO Boris Vasilievich Anisimov kahi mea ʻepekema Lūkini koʻikoʻi i ke kahua o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i kaʻuala a me ka hana ʻana i nā hua, kekahi o nā loea i mahalo nui ʻia i kēia ʻoihana.
He 18 palapala kope kope a me nā palapala hoʻoilina no nā mea i haku ʻia a me nā holomua koho; ʻo ia ka mea nāna e hoʻolālā i nā papahana 7 o ka mokuʻāina, interstate a me nā kūlana ʻoihana no nā ʻuala hua, ka mea kākau o nā mea paʻi he 200 a ʻoi paha. I 1999 ua koho ʻia ʻo ia i lālā piha o ka Russian Academy of Natural Science (RANS). Hāʻawi ʻia i ka mekala kālā hoʻomanaʻo. N.I. Vavilov (2003). Ua hāʻawi ʻia nā poʻo inoa "Honoured Worker of the Russian Agroindustrial Complex" a me "Honoured Worker of Agriculture of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania".
No kekahi mau makahiki he limahana ʻo ia no ka Federal Research Center im. ʻO A.G. Lorkha. I ka makahiki kenekulia o kēia ʻepekema hui, ua noi mākou iā Boris Vasilyevich e kaʻana like me ka poʻe heluhelu o ka puke pai i nā kikoʻī o kāna ala ʻepekema.
- Boris Vasilyevich, pehea ʻoe i hoʻopili ai i kou hopena me ka mahiʻai?
- Ua ulu aʻe wau ma Sakhalin, ma ke kaona liʻiliʻi o Okha. Ma aneʻi ia i ka makahiki 30 i hoʻouna ʻia ai koʻu mau mākua no ka noho hou ʻana mai ka moku ʻo Penza.
Ma hope o koʻu puka ʻana mai ke kula, ua hoʻouna koʻu mau mākua iaʻu i ka "ʻāina nui" i hiki ai iaʻu ke hele i ke koleke. No laila i Iune 1954, ua pau wau me koʻu ʻanakē ma Stavropol a hoʻomaka wau e hoʻomākaukau e komo i ka Stavropol Agricultural Institute.
He koho koho paha kēia i kāu ʻoihana e hiki mai ana? ʻAʻole paha ka hapanui. Aia he ʻekolu mau kula nui ma Stavropol: kauka (ʻo ka mea hanohano loa), pedagogical a me ka mahiʻai. ʻO ka hoʻokūkū liʻiliʻi loa no ke kumu agronomic o ke kula mahiʻai - 9 poʻe ma kēlā me kēia wahi. A hele wau "i nā agronomists". Akā hiki iaʻu ke ʻōlelo ua pololei wau: ua kaulana ka Stavropol Agricultural Institute i kēlā mau makahiki no kāna kuʻuna moʻomeheu, nā ʻepekema mahiʻai kaulana, nā mea i alakaʻi i nā keʻena kūikawā nui ma ke kumu agronomic. Eia hou, ʻo ka Teritori Stavropol ka mea agrarian nui loa.
- Ua hoʻomaka kou aloha i kaʻuala i kāu mau aʻo ʻana?
- ʻAʻole, ma hope loa. He moʻolelo lōʻihi naʻe ia. Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o kaʻu palapala puka, ua hoʻouna ʻia wau i Kalmykia. Ma laila wau i hana ai no kekahi manawa ma ke ʻano he poʻo o ka hui pale pale interdistrict o Sarpinsky.
Hoʻomaopopo wau i ka steppes pau ʻole, "ʻino ʻino ke one" i ke kau o ka makani ikaika, nā kahawai me nā nāhelehe ʻohe, kahi i kupu mai ai nā lehulehu o nā ʻūhini. No ʻekolu mau makahiki kaʻu hana e hoʻonohonoho i ka hakakā me nā ʻūhini, nā ʻiole like me ka ʻiole, nā squirrels, kahi e nui ai kēlā manawa. A laila ua hiki iaʻu ua hele au i ka moku ʻo Pskov, i ka Velikie Luki Agricultural Institute no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa holomua me kahi hana hohonu hohonu i ka pale ʻana i nā mea kanu. Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o kāna palapala puka, ua lilo ʻo ia i mea kōkua ma ke keʻena o ka mahiʻai laulā a me ka ulu ʻana o ka Velikie Luki mahiʻai Institute, ua aʻo i ka papa o ka mahiʻai laulā i nā haumāna o ke kumu hoʻomalu pale mea kanu a hana i kēia hiki no ʻelima mau makahiki.
I ka manawa like, ua hoʻokō ʻo ia i ka noiʻi ma lalo o kahi papahana i ʻae ʻia me ka VIZR, a hoʻolālā e hoʻomākaukau i kahi kākau no nā hana e hakakā ai i nā nāhelehele o nā kō a me nā beets hānai. Akā ʻaʻole i liʻuliʻu ua hala ke ʻano no ka mahi ʻana o ka beet kō, ʻoiai ʻoiai i nā kūlana o ka ʻĀkau Komohana o ka hana ʻenehana o kēia mea kanu. No laila, ʻaʻole i hana ʻia ka pepa kākau. A laila ua hoʻoholo māua me kaʻu wahine (hana ʻo ia i ka ʻāpana hana hua) e komo i ke aʻo puka puka manawa piha ma ka Institute of Potato Economy (IKH). I kēlā manawa ua piha mākou i nā makahiki 28.
I loko o kaʻu mau kekelē laeoʻo (1967-1969), i loko o ke kiʻina o kaʻu papahana puka puka i ʻae ʻia e ka ʻAha Hoʻonohonoho Kālā, ua alakaʻi wau i ka noiʻi biochemical i ka ʻOihana Physiology a me Biochemistry me ka hoihoi nui ma lalo o ke alakaʻi a ka ʻepekema kaulana, Kauka o Biological Science David Vladimirovich Lipets. I kēlā manawa e hana ana ʻo ia i ka hana o ka biokimia o ka pale ʻana o kaʻuala, a ma hope ua haʻaheo wau no ka mea no kāna kula ʻepekema wau.
He aha nā kumu no ka loli nui i ke kuhikuhi o kaʻu hana ʻepekema hou aʻe? ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ma hope o ka pau ʻana o kaʻu noi puka puka ʻana a me ka pale kūleʻa ʻana i kaʻu pepa kākau, ua hoʻouna ʻia wau i kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua Ulyanovsk o ka NIIKH, kahi i lawe ai au i ka noho o ka hope kuhina nui no ka hana ʻepekema. Ua lawe ʻia kahi hana nui a kūleʻa hoʻi ma ke kahua ma ke koho ʻana a me ka hana mua ʻana o nā ʻano Volzhanin, Volzhsky, Ulyanovsky, i hana ʻia e ka mea hoʻohua kaulana ʻo Lezhepekov no nā kūlana o ka ʻāina waena ʻo Volga. Mai ia manawa mai, ua hoʻomaka wau e hana ʻoihana i ka koho ʻana i kaʻuala a me ka hana ʻana i ka hua.
- A laila hoʻomau i kēia hana ma ke ʻano he limahana o ka Institute of Potato Farming?
ʻAe, i ka hopena o 1972, hoʻi wau i ke keʻena a koho koke ʻia wau i poʻo no ka ʻohana hana hua, a laila ka hope alakaʻi o ke keʻena me ke kuleana o nā kuleana no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka noiʻi ʻepekema a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi cardinal o ka ʻōnaehana holoʻokoʻa o ka hana hua lūlū Lūkini.
- Ua ʻike ʻia he ʻike kou i ka hana haole. Ua ulu ʻoe i ka ʻuala e ulu ana i ʻApelika ...
I kēlā mau lā, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā alakaʻi ʻōpio i ka mālama mālama kanaka o ka ʻāpana mahiʻai o ke Kōmike Waena CPSU. A i kekahi lā "kī" ka mālama.
Kāhea ʻia wau a haʻi ʻia, e like me ka hana maʻamau i kēlā manawa: "Aia kahi manaʻo e hoʻouna iā ʻoe e hana ma kahi ʻē aʻe ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi o ka ʻepekema ʻepekema honua no ka phytopathology, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ke kumu o ka Intergovernmental ʻaelike ma waena o ka USSR a me ka ʻāina e ulu ana ʻo ʻApelika ʻo ʻAitiopa." I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he kikowaena kēia hou (e ke ala, aia nō ia), hoʻolako ʻia me ka ʻepekema hou loa.
Ua hana mākou i nā kahu hānai hōʻiliʻili kūikawā, kahi a mākou e hana ai i ka loiloi immunological o nā haneli a me nā tausani o ke komo ʻana i loaʻa ma ke kumu o nā ʻaelike me nā kikowaena noiʻi kūwaho kaulana no nā hui like ʻole o nā mea kanu, e like me ka International Center for Potatoes (CIP, Peru), no ka palaoa a me ka palaoa ( CIMIT, Mekiko), pulses (ICARDO, Aleppo, Syria), a me ka Plant Genetic Resources Center (PGRC, Kelemānia) ma Addis Ababa.
ʻO ka hana hoihoi a me ka mea nui no mākou ka hana e pili ana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā moʻomeheu maʻemaʻe o nā pathogens a me ke aʻo ʻana i ka ʻano lāhui o nā poʻe endemic o ka potato i ka hopena o ka pala, i hana ʻia i ka wā ua i kahi ʻano nui o nā mea kanu nighthade a me ko lākou mau ʻohana hihiu no nā kenekulia.
ke ulu nei i nā helu nui a puni ka ʻāina. ʻO kā mākou mau hanana i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā maʻi popo o nā mea kanu palaoa, septoria, bacteriosis a me nā virus fitopathogenic ma ʻApelika Waena i mea nui.
- A ma hope o kāu huakaʻi ʻoihana ʻApelika, ua hana hou ʻoe i nā pilikia o ka ʻepekema lāhui?
I ka hopena o 1986, hoʻi wau i NIIKH a hana ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi nui o kahi NGO no ka ulu ʻana i kaʻuala, poʻo o ke kikowaena koho VNIIKH.
A i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā loli nui i ka ʻāina ma ka ʻāpana o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka ʻenehana agro-ʻenehana, ua hāʻawi ʻia wau e neʻe i ke Keʻena Nui o ke Kuhina mahiʻai a me nā meaʻai ma ke ʻano he poʻo poʻo o ka Main Directorate of Crop Production - ke poʻo o ka ʻĀina Potato a me nā mea kanu o ka Crop Department. ʻO ia i kēia manawa, me ke kākoʻo o ke Kuhina Hoʻolālā o Lūkia, nā ʻepekema ʻepekema a me nā ʻenehana ʻenehana nui a me nā ʻoihana ʻoihana nui no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana ulu ʻuala i ka pōʻaiapili o ka hoʻololi i kahi mākeke hoʻokele waiwai i loko o ka Lūkini agro-ʻoihana paʻakikī i hoʻokumu ʻia a hoʻokō pono ʻia.
- He aha nā papahana o ia wā āu e hoʻomanaʻo ai ma ke ʻano he mea nui a hoihoi pū kekahi?
t 1 Me he mea lā iaʻu ua loaʻa nā hopena kūpono i kēlā manawa i ka hoʻokō ʻia o ka papahana i hoʻomaka ʻia e A.M. Chuenko (JSC "Doka", Zelenograd). Ua hoʻolālā ʻia ka papahana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hana ʻoihana o nā minitubers manuahi me ka virus ʻole no ka hana ʻana i nā hua ʻuala. ʻO ka holomua nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻenehana ʻenehana no ka hana ʻana i kaʻuala ma nā wahi o Lūkia i loaʻa pū ʻia ma loko o ke kumumanaʻo o ka Polokalamu i ʻae ʻia e ke Aupuni o ka Russian Federation, hoʻomohala ʻia ma ka papahana o LLC Management and Production Systems (alakaʻi ʻia e LV Orlova, Samara).
ʻAʻole hiki iaʻu ke haʻi aʻe i ka papahana e hana i nā ʻano ʻuala i hoʻololi ʻia e kū i ka nīo potato ʻo Colorado ma ke kumu o ka Center for Bioengineering o ka Russian Academy of Science ma lalo o ke alakaʻi a Academician o ka Russian Academy of Science K.G. Scriabin. Me ke komo ʻana o kaʻu mea kākau, ʻekolu mau ʻano i waiho ʻia no nā hoʻāʻo mokuʻāina, i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia a pale ʻia e nā palapala hoʻoilina a me nā palapala kuleana kope.
I ka manawa like, ua hoʻokō pono ʻia ka papahana kūwaho "Tassis", i kākoʻo kālā ʻia e ka European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), ma loko o ke kumumanaʻo i hana ʻia ai ʻehā mau keʻena diagnostic āpana a hoʻolako ʻia ma ka moku ʻo Moscow, Leningrad, Samara a me ka moku ʻo Udmurt. I kēia papahana, hana wau ma ke ʻano he loea mai ka ʻaoʻao Lūkia.
- Akā ʻo ka papa aʻe o ka moʻolelo pilikino ka hana ʻepekema?
Ma 2004, ua lilo wau i Hope Luna Hoʻokele no ka noiʻi ma NIIKH a ua hana wau i kēia kūlana no nā makahiki he ʻumi a keu (a hiki i ka 2016). I kēia manawa āpau, alakaʻi ʻia ke keʻena e Evgeny Alekseevich Simakov.
A laila ua hiki iā ia ke hoʻohui i nā hana a nā genetists a me nā mea alakaʻi alakaʻi (I.M. Yashina, N.P. Sklyarova, Kh.Kh. Apshev, A. Meleshin, A. Mityushkin, A. Zhuravlev, V.A. Zharova, S. Kirsanov, V.A. Biryukova, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) a hōʻoia i ka holomua nui i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā ʻano hoʻolaha hou o nā ʻano hana i manaʻo ʻia, me kahi ʻano koʻikoʻi o ke ʻano waiwai, hoʻonui i nā ʻano mea kūʻai aku a me ka laulā o ka hiki adaptive i nā kūlana o nā wahi o Rūsia.
Me ka mahalo nui ia i ka manawa o kā mākou hana pū me E.A. ʻO Simakov a me kāna mau hoa hana, ua loaʻa iaʻu ka manawa kūpono e hana i ka hana a ka mea kākau i nā ʻano mea hoʻolaha hou ʻo Violet (2014), Fritella (2016), Gulliver (2019), Sineglazka (2019), Sadon (2019), etc.
I ka manawa like, kau nui kaʻu mau hana nui i ka hoʻomohala a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o nā ʻōnaehana hana hua. ʻO nā wahi nui loa o ka noiʻi ʻana: ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻenehana kūpono no ka loaʻa ʻana a me ka micropropagation clonal o ka mea vitro kumu a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka Bank o nā ʻano ʻuala maikaʻi (BZSK) (i ka launa pū me E.V Oves a me nā hoa hana ʻē aʻe). Ua nānā nui ʻia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻenehana kuʻuna a me nā ʻenehana ʻē aʻe no ka ulu ana i nā minitubers (hana pū me O. Khutinaev), ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻenehana hou no ke kākoʻo ʻana i ka hoʻoulu ʻana, ka mea i kapa ʻia he pre-variety (hoʻohiki ʻia nā hybrids i nā hoʻokolohua State), a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hua a me nā ʻōnaehana kūpono o ka kaohi maikaʻi a me ka hōʻoia o ka hua. ʻo ka uala i ke alu like ʻana me V.N. Zeyruk (keʻena palekana), A.I. Uskov, Yu.A. Varitsev (Keʻena ʻo Biotechnology a me Immunodiagnostics), S.M. Yurlova (keʻena hoʻokolohua o ka ʻepekema hua).
- Boris Vasilievich, hoʻokuʻu ʻoe i lalo nā hopena he, ʻoiaʻiʻo, kakahiaka. Akā nō naʻe: ua hele mai ʻoe ma kahi lōʻihi, ua hoʻokō nui ʻia. Ua māʻona ʻoe i nā hopena i loaʻa iā ʻoe?
Nui a maikaʻi nā manawa he nui a paʻakikī loa i ke ola a me ka hana. Akā i loko o ko mākou ʻohana ʻaʻole ia he mea maʻamau ke huhū i ke Akua a i ʻole namunamu e pili ana i ka hopena.
ʻO kā mākou kumu nui e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai i ke ola ʻo ia ka moto: Mai haʻalele i ka puʻuwai. Mai hoʻokolokolo i kekahi! Mai hoʻonāukiuki i kekahi! A mālama mau i ka poʻe a mākou e kamaʻilio ai me ka mahalo a me ka mahalo.
I kēia manawa, hoʻomau wau i ka hana ma ke ʻano he aʻoaʻo i ka luna o ka A.G. ʻO Lorkh "Sergey Valentinovich Zhevora, a ʻo ke poʻo hoʻi o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua o ka ʻike varietal a ʻo wau ke alakaʻi ʻepekema o kaʻu mau hoapili ʻōpio ʻo Sergei Zebrin lāua ʻo Irina Gracheva, kahi a mākou e hana pū ai i ka loiloi phenotypic o ka ʻike varietal a me nā mea e hōʻike ana i nā ʻano e like me nā kumu hua kumu e ke kaohi o ka lepo o nā ʻano o minitubers, 1st hanauna kahua mai minitubers, super-super-elite o nā ʻano hou a hoʻohiki hoʻi, i hana ʻia ma ka wahi hānau ʻo VNIIKH.
Nui koʻu manaʻo e pili ana i ka wā e hiki mai ana o kā mākou ulu uala Lūkini a ke lana nei koʻu manaʻo ʻaʻole i hala kaʻu hana ma ka moʻomeheu ʻuala me ka ʻole o kahi ala.