Kikokikona: ʻO Tatiana Karabut
Ke wehe nei nā hale hana hoʻokolohua no ka hana ʻana i nā mea hana no ka ʻāpala niho, acid hyaluronic, a me nā bioplastics palaoa i Rusia. Hoʻonui mākou i nā mea hou aʻe. Akā i kēia manawa hoʻolilo mākou iā ia i ka "raw" form ma ke kumukūʻai hoʻokahi, a kūʻai mākou iā ia i ka hana i hana ʻia - me nā huaora a i ʻole nā amino acid - i kēia manawa ma ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe ʻO ka hana ʻana o ia huahana i loko o ka ʻāina e hiki ai ke kāpae i ka hilinaʻi o ka lawe mai, e hana i nā hana he mau kaukani, e loaʻa nā manawa he nui mai nā mea hoʻolilo a, a ʻo ka hopena, nā kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa no nā huahana no nā mea kūʻai.
Inā kūʻai aku ʻoe i 50 miliona mau tona o ka palaoa ʻaʻole ma "maka", akā i ke ʻano i hana ʻia, hoʻonui ʻia ka hāʻawi i ka GDP e 100-800 biliona rubles, e like me nā huahana i hana ʻia, kuhi ʻia ka Pelekikena o ka Russian Biofuel Association Alexei Ablaev.
Ua wehe ʻia kekahi o kēia mau mea kanu no ka hana hohonu ʻana o ka palaoa i ke kauwela o 2019 ma ka ʻāina Kaluga. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻo Rosva Biotechnological Complex i ka palaoa i loko o nā syrups glucose-fructose, glucose glucose, starch, hoʻohuihui hānai, gluten a me sorbitol, he mea nui ia no ka hana ʻana o ka ʻāpala niho a me ka nau niho. ʻO kekahi ʻoihana, ʻo Oka-Biotech, kahi i hana i kahi manawa hoʻokolohua wale nō o ka hyaluronic acid mai ka palaoa a ke manaʻo nei e kūkulu i kahi hana ʻoihana koʻikoʻi. I kēia manawa ua hoʻolako piha ʻia nā sorbitol a me nā hyaluronic acid iā Lūkia mai kahi ʻē. ʻO ka nui o ka honua o ka mākeke acid hyaluronic, e like me nā kuhi ʻokoʻa, he mau haneli mau tona i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Wahi a ka Pūʻulu iMARS, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka sorbitol o ka honua ma mua o 2,5 miliona mau tona. ʻO ka mākeke sorbitol Lūkini he 400 tausani tone (a i ʻole 35 miliona mau kālā), kuhi hoa o ka hui NEO Center ʻo Vladimir Shaforostov.
Aia kekahi mau papahana hou aku e hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia no ka hana hohonu ʻana o ka palaoa, e hana nei no kekahi mau makahiki, akā ua hōʻemi hapa a hoʻopau piha paha iā mākou i ko mākou hilinaʻi i ka lawe ʻana mai no nā huahana nui. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo ka lāʻau starch Gulkevichsky (Krasnodar Teritori) hana maltodextrin (molases). ʻO ka nui o ka mākeke Lūkini no maltodextrin i kēia manawa 34-35 miliona mau kālā, kuhi ʻo Shaforostov.
Hana ka Belgorod Premix Plant N1 i ka lysine amino acid, he mea pono ia no ka mālama holoholona. Ma mua, ua lawe piha ʻia mai Kina a me ʻEulopa. Me ka nāwaliwali o ka ruble exchange rate, ua lilo ia i mea leʻaleʻa pipiʻi e lawe aku i kēia amino acid mai kahi ʻē. Wahi a Feedinfo, ʻo nā kumukūʻai lysine i ka hoʻomaka o ka makahiki ke kiʻekiʻe loa i nā makahiki ʻewalu. ʻO ka hana Lūkini ma 2020 i koho ʻia ma 100-110 tausani tone (a i ʻole ma kahi o $ 170 miliona), ʻoiai nā mea i lawe mai i kahi o 50 tausani mau makahiki i hala, wahi a Vladimir Shaforostov.
Akā i kēia manawa ke hilinaʻi nei mākou i ka lawe mai o nā mea nui he nui, i hana ʻia mai ka palaoa. I kēia manawa 90% o nā mea hoʻohui hānai a me 100% o nā huaora i lawe ʻia mai no ka mālama holoholona. Aia mau ʻo Lūkia i ka 100% hilinaʻi i nā lako wai citric acid (ma kahi o 60 tausani mau tona), hoʻohui ʻo Vladimir Shaforostov.
He mau ʻumikūmālua mau papahana hou aʻe no ka hana hohonu ʻana o ka palaoa i ka pae hoʻolālā a i ʻole ka hau. ʻAʻohe mākeke a kālā paha. ʻAʻohe o mākou mea kanu hana meaola hoʻokahi (hou, mai ka palaoa). I Rūsia, ʻaʻole ia e uhaʻi. Hoʻopuka ke Komohana i kāna biofuel ponoʻī a he kuleana hoʻokomo. Ma laila, ke kuleana e hoʻohui 5-10% o ka biofuel i kau ʻia i loko o ke kānāwai ma hope o ka lōʻihi o ka lobbying ʻana e nā hope agrarian, nā ʻōlelo a Ablaev. "Pono mākou e hana i ka biofuel ʻaʻole no ka mea heʻuʻuku kā mākou wahie, akā no ka mea he nui kā mākou palaoa. Ke ulu mau nei ka ʻohi, a ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke ʻai hou i loko o ka ʻāina. Pono e hana hou ia. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka poʻe e pōmaikaʻi i ka hana a me ke kūʻai ʻana i nā biofuels, keu hoʻi i ka mahiʻai, ma mua o ka loaʻa kālā mai ka hana ʻana o nā wahie maʻamau, "wehewehe ʻo Ablaev. Wahi a kāna helu, inā ma Rūsia, e like me ʻEulopa, e hoʻohui i 5% o ka biofuel i ka petrolina, e lawe ʻia kēia i ʻehā tausani mau hana ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe, he 4 tausani mau hana ʻokoʻa ʻole, 20 biliona rubles i loaʻa kālā ʻauhau. E loaʻa nā ʻohana i nā kālā hou i ka nui o 12,54 biliona rubles, ka hāʻawi i ka GDP i 46,38 biliona rubles.
I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole hana ʻia nā bioplastics mai ka palaoa ma Lūkia, ʻoiai ua hoʻokumu kekahi mau ʻoihana petrochemical nunui i kēlā mau papahana. Mai ka manaʻo hoʻokele waiwai, makaʻu lākou - pono nā hoʻopukapuka nui. I ke kauwela o 2019, ua hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana o ka Rustark complex ma ka Lipetsk SEZ. Kuhi ʻia ka huina waiwai hoʻopuka ma RUB 63 biliona. Manaʻo ʻia ma ka mua e hoʻopuka ia i ka starch i hoʻololi ʻia, a i ka wā aʻe - bioplastics. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe mākeke no lākou ma Lūkia. Ke pāpā aku nei nā ʻāina he nui i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā plastics non-degradable, i ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo Nina Adamova, ke kanaka kālailai ma Gazprombank's Center for Economic Forecasting. I ʻEulopa, hoʻolauna ʻia kahi ʻauhau kalapona - e uku ʻia ia ma nā waiwai āpau i ka hana a CO2 i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ai. Ma hope a ma hope paha, e hele mai ana ʻo Rūsia i ka mea like, maopopo loa ka poʻe loea. Koi ʻia kā mākou bioplastics, akā ma hope iki.
ʻO ka hilinaʻi ikaika o nā kumukūʻai kūloko i nā kumukūʻai o ka honua e ʻōlelo pū kekahi no ka hana ʻana i ka palaoa. Ua ʻike nui ʻia kēia pilikia i ke kau i hala. ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili palaoa ma Rūsia ma 2020 i ka 133,5 miliona mau tona o ka palaoa, a he 49 miliona mau tona i lawe ʻia aku i waho. Ma Kēkēmapa o ka makahiki i hala, ua hōʻea nā kumukūʻai palaoa o ka honua i nā kiʻekiʻe he nui i nā makahiki he nui. A ʻike ʻia kēia i nā kumukūʻai Lūkini.
Ua kamaʻilio lōʻihi nā luna aupuni e pili ana i ka pono o ka hana hohonu o nā huahana mahiʻai a ʻaʻole wale ka palaoa. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Pelekikena Lūkia ʻo Vladimir Putin e pili ana i kēia ma 2017. Akā me he mea lā me ka hoʻolauna ʻana o nā kuleana hoʻolilo (mai Iune 2 no ka palaoa, e lilo ia i mea mau a e helu ʻia ma ke kumukūʻai mākeke), ua hāʻawi ʻia ka ʻoihana i kahi hōʻailona kūpono ʻole e hoʻopaneʻe hou i kēia pilikia. Ma ka hui hope loa me ke Kuhina o ʻAiʻai ʻO Dmitry Patrushev, ʻo Vladimir Putin wale nō i hōʻoia i kēia. "Pono mākou e kākoʻo i nā waiwai hoʻolilo waiwai kiʻekiʻe," i ʻōlelo ʻo ia.
Ma waho aʻe o nā huahana kuʻuna, ke hoʻonui nei nā ʻoihana Lūkini i ka hana ʻana i nā huahana i hana hohonu ʻia - nā starches i hoʻololi ʻia, nā protein protein concentrates, nā amino acid. Ua noʻonoʻo nui nā mea hoʻolilo palaʻai e pili ana i ka hoʻopukapuka ʻana i ka hana ʻana i nā huahana waiwai nui, wahi a Eduard Zernin, Lunahoomalu o ka Papa o ka Union of Grain Exporters. Akā ʻaʻole ia he bioplastics a i ʻole nā amino acid. Pono mākou e hoʻomaka me nā huahana maʻalahi - ka palaoa a me ka pasta. Wahi a ka loea, i kēia lā aia nā noi no ka palaoa Lūkia a hiki mai nā mea hana nui - e laʻa me Turkey. A no ka pasta, ʻo ka makeke kokoke palena ʻole nā ʻāina o Hikina Hema ʻo Asia, e hoʻomaka ana me Kina.
ʻAʻole wale ka palaoa
ʻO nā huahana me nā waiwai i hoʻohui nui ʻia me nā huahana waiwai waena (e like me nā huahana iʻa, kō, palaoa, wai) a me nā huahana waiwai nui (kokoleka a me ka confectionery, nā huahana kēpau, hānai holoholona, nā ʻaka, nā sausages, ka waina, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) a pēlā aku. , haʻi ʻia i ke Kuhina Hoʻolālā. I ka hopena o 2020, ua hoʻonui ʻia nā mea hoʻolilo o ka meaʻai a me nā ʻoihana hana e 13% i $ 4,5 biliona ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 2019.
I ka mea nui, manaʻo ka 'Oihana i ka confectionery a me nā huahana ʻiʻo kekahi o nā wahi hoʻohiki nui e pili ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā lako i nā mākeke haole. I ka makahiki 2020, ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā mea lawe i nā confectionery i $ 1,4 biliona (57% ʻoi aku ma mua o 2015). Ma ka 2024, manaʻo e hoʻonui i nā lako i $ 2 biliona. ʻO ka lawe aku i ka ʻiʻo a me nā huahana iʻa i pau i ka makahiki i hala i hoʻonui ʻia e 43% a hiki i $ 1 biliona. Wahi a ka wānana a ke Kuhina Hoʻolālā, ma 2024 e ʻoi aku ia i $ 1,5 biliona. Eia hou, ke hoʻomohala nei ka hoʻolako ʻana i ka momona a me ka aila, ka waiū a me nā huahana iʻa, a ke ulu nei ka lawe aku o ka waina Lūkini.
Kākoʻo ka mokuʻāina i ka hana ʻana o ia huahana me nā hōʻaiʻē concessional. Hoʻohui ʻia, i ka 2021, e hoʻokumu ke Kuhina mahiʻai i nā hana kākoʻo hou no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hana mahiʻai me ka waiwai i hoʻonui ʻia: uku no ka ʻāpana o nā kumukūʻai no ka hoʻokumu ʻana a me ka hana hou ʻana i nā ʻoihana hana mahiʻai, a me kahi papahana hoʻolimalima makemake no ke kūʻai. o nā lakohana ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe.