ʻO Svetlana Nekoval, ke poʻo o ka ʻoihana
nā kolamu genetic o ka ʻōmato FGBNU VNIIBZR,
Ka Nūhou ʻĀina Elua, Koho o nā ʻepekema Biological
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ʻAʻohe mea kānalua i ka pono e pale i ka mea kanu i ka wā o kona kanu. Akā e pili ana i ka piʻi nui ʻana mai ka mākeke no ka pili ʻana i ka nohona, nā huahana mahiʻai palekana, ke alo ʻia nei ka poʻe mahiʻai i ka nīnau - pehea e pale ai i nā kalepona: ma ka lāʻau a i nā mea kūlohelohe? I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hāʻawi pinepine ʻia ka ʻoihana mahiʻai i nā mea i hoʻomākaukau ʻia ai ka microbiological i mea e koho ai i nā lāʻau lapaʻau.
Nā limahana o ka limahana o ka hōʻiliʻili genetic o ka ʻōmato o ka Pūnaewele ʻĀpana Kūʻai Kūʻai Kūʻai ʻo VNIIBZR i loko o kekahi o nā ʻoihana mahiai o ka Kalininsky District o ke Krasnodar ka hana ʻoihana ʻepekema i ka hopena o ka pale ʻana i nā māmala ma ka papa ākea me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka microbiological i ka hoʻolālā ʻana LLC "Biotehagro" (Timashevsk).
Kanu ʻia nā kīlei pā me nā kaila 2-laina ma nā papahele ʻekolu - kaohi, ka maʻamau, hoʻokolohua. ʻO ka lōʻihi o kēlā me kēia pākuhi he 100 mika.
ʻAʻole i hoʻohana ʻia nā mea palekana i ka papa hoʻokele. Ma ka papa ʻaelike "etalon", ua hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻōna o ka pale i hoʻolaʻa ma ka māla (hoʻomākaukau no Celest TOP, KS; Ridomil Gold MC, VDG; Thanos, VDG). I ka "noʻonoʻo" hoʻolālā, ua hoʻohana nā huahana bi: Geostim, F; BSka-3, F; BFTIM KS-2, Zh; Insetim, J.
Ua loaʻa nā ʻōlelo hoʻokolohua āpau i nā koina nui (ka ʻokoʻa o ka ʻāina ma nā ʻano o ka hānai). I nā māla ʻē aʻe o ka hoʻokolohua, ua kanu ʻia nā ʻuala kōpule ma Malaki 6, 2020.
Ma mua, ke lawe mua ʻana i ka pīpī ʻana o ka lepo o ka pae "hoʻokolohua" i hana me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no ka Geostim me ka nui o ka helu ʻana ma ka 1 l / ha.
I ka wā o nā hoʻokolohua, ua loaʻa kēia mau mea penei: ka nānā ʻana mycological o ka ʻāina, ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hua hua, ke kiaʻi phytosanitary o nā mea kanu, mea loiloi o nā mea kanu lāʻau e hoʻoholo ai i ka etiology o kēia maʻi.
No ka hoʻoholoʻana i ka komposisi mycological lepo mai ka pūnaewele hoʻokolohua i ka pūnāwai, ma mua o ka hoʻolahaʻana o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o "Biotechagro" a ma hope o ka noi o ke ʻōnaehana pale, ua lawe ʻia nā hoʻohālikelike lepo e like me ke ʻano. Ma muli o ka nānā loiloi mycological o nā palapala hoʻohālike, nā micromycetes me nā ʻano loiloi trophic like ʻole i hoʻokaʻawale a ʻike ʻia (Papaʻaʻina 1)
Papa 1 - Nā hopena o ka loiloi mikololi o nā palapala ʻāina ma 2020
kahua | CFU o ʻaila, tausani mau ʻāpana i loko o kahi pākaha maloʻo piha loa | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ʻO Penicillium spp. | Aspergillus spp. | ʻO Trichoderma spp. | Fusarium spp. | ʻO Sparia spp. | |
Ma mua o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau LLC "Biotehagro" 27.02.2020/XNUMX/XNUMX | 0.4 | 1 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.02 |
Ma hope o ka hoʻopuka ʻana o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana ʻo Biotehagro LLC 08.06.2020/XNUMX/XNUMX | 0.1 | 0.45 | 0.1 | 0.03 | 0 |
I ka papa hana loina, ʻelua hui ʻo micromycetes i hoʻokaʻawale a ʻike ʻia. Hōʻike ka pūʻulu pathogenic e nā pua o ka genus Fusarium spp. A ^ a Alternaria kekahi spp. ʻO ka pūʻulu saprotrophic o nā pua mikroscopic i hōʻike ʻia e nā hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā fungi o ka huaʻōlelo Trichoderma, Penicillium и ʻO Aspergillus.
Ma ka ʻano like ʻole ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o nā mea ola olakino o ka ʻoihana Biotehagro, kahi ʻae ʻana i ka CFU o nā fungi Penicillium, ʻO Aspergillus, a me ke hemo piha ana r. Alternaria kekahi... Eia kekahi, i kēia laʻana, he hoʻonui i ka nui o ka nui o ka hāpū mai o ka ʻO Trichoderma a me kahi hapa liilii p. Fusarium.
Wahi a nā hopena o ka loiloi mycological o ka lepo, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i ka dinamika maikaʻi o ka ulu ʻana o nā pua o ka wai. Keleman, Akā, ʻaʻole lawa kēia e kamaʻilio i kahi papa kiʻekiʻe, ʻoiai ʻo ka pae kūpono loa o nā hua māpela mai ka r. Penicillium, ʻO Aspergillus и ʻO Trichoderma (1: 1: 3). Ke noi ʻia nei nā noi hou o Geostim i ka lepo.
Ma ka ʻano me ka ʻōnaehana pale o ka ʻoihana Biotehagro, ua mālama ʻia ka wai o ka mea kanu a me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no BSka-3 me kahi helu ʻai o 4 l / t ma mua o ke kanu. Ua lawe ʻia ke kanu lāʻau e kahi lāʻau ukaʻi lāʻau kokā KhTZ-181 (Fig. 2,3).
I ka mea ʻokoʻa me ka ʻōnaehana pale ahupuaʻa, mālama ʻia nā kūpe kaʻuala me Celest TOP, KS ma mua o ke kanu ʻana. ʻO ke kanu ʻana i kaʻuala kekahi i mālama ʻia me ka tractor caterpillar.
ʻElua mau mahina ma hope o ke kanu ʻana i nā tubers - 11.05.2020/15/20, i ka wā i piʻi ai nā mea kanu i 3-10 knm, i ka mea ʻokoʻa me ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana pale Biotechagro, ua kāpīpī ʻia nā mea kanu ʻōpio no prophylaxis me ka hoʻomākaukau BFTIM (XNUMX l / ha) - kūʻē i kahi pilikia o nā maʻi. Hana hou ʻia me kahi huahana meaola ma hope o XNUMX mau lā.
Ma ka ʻano me ka ʻōnaehana pale o ka mahiʻai, ʻelua mau mahina ma hope o ke kanu ʻana o ka wai ʻana, ua lawe ʻia nā hana palekana me ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻo Ridomil Gold MC, ʻo EDG ma ke ʻano he prophylaxis.
I ka wā e nānā ana i ka nānā phytosanitary o nā ʻuala, nā pōpoki a me nā maʻi phytopathogen i ʻike ʻole ʻia (Fig. 4).
10 mau lā ma hope o ka mālama mua ʻana (21.05), ua hōʻike ka hopena o ka helu helu ʻana i ka huahana olakino e hoʻoikaika i ka ulu nui ʻana o ka biomass huaʻai, hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka mana, ua lilo ka kiʻekiʻe o ka mea kanu he 3,4 cm kiʻekiʻe.I ke ʻano me ka pale o ka hoʻokele (waiwai), ua ʻokoʻa ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea kanu. ʻO 0,6 cm mau aʻe) pili i ka ʻōnaehana o ka pale me nā huahana biolo.
Ka helu o nā mea kanu no ka 1 m2 i nā ʻano like like ʻole o nā hoʻokolohua, akā naʻe, ʻo ka nui o nā hua i ke ʻano like ʻole me ka biosecurity 3 mau mea hou aku. ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka kāohi, a me 1 pc. ʻoi aku i kahi kaila ka mana.
Ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana (Iune 15.06), ua hoʻoholo ka limahana o ka limahana i ka hopena o nā huahana ʻenehana i hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka hua, ke kuhi ʻana i nā ʻuala ma kēlā me kēia hectare, me ka hōʻailona o ka maikaʻi o ka hua.
Wahi a ko lākou hopena, ua loaʻa ka hapa nui o ka wai o ka ʻuala ma loko o ka nui a me ka hapa (meaʻai) hapa i loko o ka ʻano me ka ʻano ʻo "Biotechagro" ʻōnaehana pale. ʻO nā puna o ka hapa maikaʻi o ka pānaʻi me ka biosecurity he 1 liʻiliʻi i ka hoʻohalike ʻana a me 2 mau mea e pili ana i ka ʻākala, akā naʻe, ʻoi ka huina o nā ʻuala o ka mahele ʻoi i ka ʻano ʻo Biotechagro. ʻO ka paona tuber i ke ʻano ʻē ʻana o ka biosecurity mai ka 20 a i ka 150 grama.
Pane 5. ʻO ka helu o nā kūmaka uala i ka kaohi (a) a me ka mea ʻokoʻa me ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana pale "Biotehagro" (b) Kuhi. 6. ʻO ka umauma puna wai o ka hapa liʻiliʻi mai ka variant me kahi ʻōnaehana pale hānai
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huahana olakino i hāpai i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hua o nā ʻuala ma kahi hekahi (Papa 1).
Palapala 2. Iecaianoaaiiie o ka hoʻokele waiwai ʻana o ka ʻūlala ʻana ke helu ʻana no ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, 2020
Nā koho | Kumuhana, c / ha | Hoʻonui ka hua, c / ha |
Nā mana | 78 | - |
Ua ʻike | 235,3 | 157,3 |
Pūnaehana | 206 | 128 |
NDS 0,5 | 6,4 | - |
Kuhi ʻia ka nui o ka hopena ma ke ʻano me ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā mākau koi, ma kahi o ka piʻi he 157,3 c / ha e pili ana i ka kāohi. I ka papa ʻōlelo, ua hoʻonui ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka hua ma 128,0 c / ha, kahi mea i hōʻemi ʻia ma mua o ka hopena i loaʻa ma ka pūnaewele kahi i noi ai ke ʻōnaehana pale olakino, e 29,3 c / ha.
No ka loiloi i ka maikaʻi kūlohelohe a wehewehe i nā ʻano o nā ʻuala, nā hoʻohālike o 10 mau pāʻoihana kūleʻa i maʻamau no kēia ʻano.
Ma ke kumu, ua hoʻonohonoho nā poʻe loea i nā prototypes he maikaʻi a maikaʻi hoʻi i nā huahana maikaʻi me ka ʻono maikaʻi loa.
I ka wā o ka noiʻi, ua hoʻoholo ʻia nā manaʻo o ke kō, ka vitamina C, a me ka nitrate nitrate i loko o nā kūhā o nā mea kanu i ulu ʻia (Papa 3.
Papa 3. Mālama o ke kō, nā huaora C, ke kākākaʻi nitrate i ka ʻuala pālua
Nā koho | Nitrogen nitrogen, mg / kg | Nā haʻawina waiora C, mg / 100 g mau mea kiko | ʻO ka waihona mele,% |
Nā mana | 118 | 4,4 | 20,8 |
Ua ʻike | 138 | 9,3 | 21,3 |
Pūnaehana | 187 | 7,9 | 21,2 |
NDS 0,5 | 9,5 | 6,4 | 11,0 |
ʻO nā kumukūʻai o nā huahana pale o nā hua kanu i nā kumukūʻai e kū aʻe ana ma ka mākeke i ka manawa o ka hoʻokolohua ʻike ʻia i ka Papa. 4.
Papa 4. ʻO nā kumukūʻai o nā huahana pale o ka hua kanu
Hoʻomākaukau LLC ʻo Biotehagro "ʻike" | Ka pono o ka laikini, l / ha | Hoʻomakeke i ka "ʻoihana" pale mālama holoholona | Ka pono o ka laikini, l / ha | ||
Geostim | 1 | KS, MA | 0,4 | ||
Hoʻomaka | 4 | Ridomil Gold MC, VDG | 5 | ||
BFTIM | 6 | ʻO Thanos, EDC | 1,2 | ||
BSka-3 | 4 | - | - | ||
Mai ka papa i hōʻike ʻia, hiki iā mākou ke manaʻo i ka ʻoi pānaehana olakino pale o nā pā o Arrow e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka kemika (maʻamau), no ka mea he emi iho nā kumukūʻai pale me ka 14247,8 rubles / ha, a ua kiʻekiʻe ka hua a 29,3 c / ha.
Ke noʻonoʻo nei i ke kumukūʻai o ke kumukūʻai no nā ʻōpio ʻōpala i Iune, ma ka awelika, ʻo 17 ka rubles / kg, ka hoʻonui nui ʻana o ka loaʻa ma ka papa hana hoʻokolohua i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka maʻamau e hoʻonui i nā loaʻa kālā ma kēlā me kēia he 49810 rubles.
Hōʻike nā hōʻike i hōʻike ʻia he ʻoi aku ka ʻoi o ka ʻoiola ma mua o ka mālama ʻana i nā mea ʻala ma mua o ka pale ʻana i nā mea ʻona.
Nā Pono o ka hoʻolaha