Evgeny Leshchenko, Kuhina Mahiai o ka Novosibirsk Region
Teritori: 177,76 tausani sq. km.
Ka heluna kanaka: 2 poʻe, nona ka 798% he poʻe kamaʻāina kūlanakauhale.
He kūlana kiʻi: Aia ka ʻāina ʻo Novosibirsk ma ka hema hikina o ke Komohana Siberian Plain. Ma ka ʻākau ka palena me ka ʻāina ʻo Tomsk, ma ke komohana hema - me Kazakhstan, ma ke komohana - me ka ʻāina ʻo Omsk, ma ka hema - me ka Territory Altai, ma ka hikina - me ka ʻāina ʻo Kemerovo.
Hoʻolaka continental, ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi ma mua o nā wahi o ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika aia ma ka latitu ʻāina like. Hōʻike maopopo ʻia nā kau ʻehā o ka makahiki. ʻO ka hoʻoilo koʻikoʻi a lōʻihi me ka uhi hau paʻa mai 20 cm ma ke komohana hema a hiki i 50-70 cm ma ke kūkulu ʻākau, i kekahi mau manawa me nā makani ikaika a me nā ʻino hau. Ka wela wela o Ianuali: -18…-20°C. He wela ke kauwela, akā pōkole - mai 90 a 100 mau lā ma ke kūkulu ʻākau a hiki i 120-130 mau lā ma ka hema. ʻO ka mahina wela loa ʻo Iulai (+19…+25°C).
ʻO nā kau hoʻololi (ke puna, ka hāʻule) he pōkole a ʻike ʻia e ka wā paʻa ʻole a me ka hoʻi ʻana o ke anuanu. Hoʻomaka ka frosts ma ka lepo i ka hapa lua o Kepakemapa a hoʻopau i ka hopena o Mei.
ʻO ka awelika o ka ua makahiki he 414 mm (ma waena o 290 a 540 mm). A hiki i ka 70% o ka ua e hāʻule i ke ʻano o ka ua, ka nui o ka ua me nā hekili. ʻO kēia, hāʻule ka 20% i Mei-Iune, i ka manawa mai ʻApelila a ʻOkakopa (ma ka awelika) 330 mm o ka ua hāʻule, i ka manawa mai Nowemapa a Malaki - 95 mm. Nui ka makani hema a me ke komohana hema. ʻIke ʻia nā makani maloʻo a me ka maloʻo ma nā ʻāpana steppe hema. Ka wā ulu: mai 144-148 mau lā ma ke kūkulu ʻākau a i 158-163 mau lā ma ka hema.
Aliʻi: palahalaha nui loa. Aia ka ʻāpana o ka ʻāina ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka muliwai ʻo Ob e kahi pāpū haʻahaʻa (120 m ma luna o ka ʻilikai) me nā kiʻekiʻe kōkua mane-like 3-10 m kiʻekiʻe. puʻu. Aia ma ka hikina o ka ʻāina ʻo Salair Ridge me kahi kiʻekiʻe loa o ka ʻāina (502 m ma luna o ka ʻilikai).
Nā Kūlana: ka nui o ka nahele podzolic a hina. Ma muli o ka momona o kahi ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka ʻāina, ka paʻakai o nā pōhaku lepo a me ka wai lepo, ua hoʻomohala nui ʻia nā ʻāina o ka saline ma ʻaneʻi: nā meadow chernozem soils, nā ʻāina meadow, nā ʻāina swamp, solonchaks, solonetzes a me nā ʻāina solod.
Wāhi ʻāina ʻoihana: 7752,475 tausani eka.
Aia ka ʻāina ʻo Novosibirsk i ka ʻelima ma ka Siberian Federal District e pili ana i ka nui o ka hana ʻuala. Ke kamaʻilio nei mākou me ke Kuhina Mahiai o ka Novosibirsk Region E.M. Leshchenko e pili ana i ke koʻikoʻi o kēia mea kanu no ka ʻāina a inā he mau manaʻo no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana.
- Evgeniy Mikhailovich, ʻaʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia ka ʻuala i ka hua nui no ka ʻāina Novosibirsk. Akā ke noho nei ia i kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi i ka ʻāpana hana hua?
- I ka makahiki 2019, ʻo ka wahi kanu o kēia mea kanu i loko o nā mahiʻai o nā ʻano āpau he 19,7 tausani heka, ma 2020 ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi - 18,3 tausani. ʻO ka nui o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka makahiki 2019 ua like ia me 299,4 tausani tons.
Makemake au e hoʻomaopopo i ka hana ʻana o nā ʻāpana āpau o ka ʻāina i ka mahi ʻuala. I ka makahiki 2019, ua loaʻa nā hua kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka ʻāina Novosibirsk - 47,9 tausani tons, Ordynsky - 30 tausani tons, Moshkovsky - 26,3 tausani tons.
Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka ʻoihana ʻoihana, i ka makahiki 2019, ua hāʻawi ʻia nā hui mahiʻai a me nā mahiʻai mahiʻai ma ka ʻāina i 3,6 tausani heka no ka ulu ʻana i ka ʻuala. ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili nui he 72,5 tausani tons. ʻO 213,3 c/ha ka awelika hua.
I ka makahiki 2020, ua kanu ʻia ka ʻuala ma kahi o 2736 ʻeka.
Ma ka huina, 13 mau ʻoihana mahiʻai, 32 mau mahiʻai mahiʻai a me nā ʻoihana pilikino e hana nei i ka ulu ʻana i ka ʻuala ma ka ʻāina. Hoʻohana ikaika lākou a pau i nā ʻenehana mahiʻai hou.
ʻO ka manaʻo nui loa i kēia mea kanu (ʻo lākou ka 67,6% o ka nui o ka nui o nā ʻuala i hana ʻia i nā ʻoihana mahiʻai, nā mahiʻai mahiʻai a me nā ʻoihana pilikino) hāʻawi ʻia i: CJSC Agricultural Farm "Yarkovskoye", IP Leonidov A.P., LLC "LEONiS", LLC " OPH "Nā makana o Ordynska", LLC "Giganta Gardens". Ua loaʻa ka waiwai kiʻekiʻe loa o ka hana ʻuala ma LLC "LEONiS" (268,8%), LLC "Giganta Gardens" (121,4%), LLC "SIBKRA" (120,7%).
— Aia nā papahana ʻāpana e kākoʻo i ka ulu ʻana i ka ʻuala ma ka ʻāina ʻo Novosibirsk?
- E like me ka Decree of the Government of the Novosibirsk Region dated 02.02.2015 No. 37-p "Ma ka papahana moku'āina o ka Novosibirsk Region "Ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mahiʻai a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā mākeke no nā huahana mahiʻai, nā mea maka a me nā meaʻai ma Novosibirsk Region", kahi papa inoa o nā kākoʻo kākoʻo mokuʻāina i kākoʻo ʻia mai ka waihona kālā federal a me ka ʻāpana: hoʻihoʻi ʻana i kahi hapa o nā kumukūʻai no ka hoʻokō ʻana i kahi paʻakikī o nā hana agrotechnical, uku hou ʻana i kahi ʻāpana o nā kumukūʻai no ke kūʻai ʻana i nā hua elite a me nā kumulāʻau kumu, uku hou i ka ʻāpana. nā koina no ke kūʻai ʻana i nā mea ʻenehana a me nā lako.
- He aha nā ʻano ʻuala i ulu nui ʻia ma ka ʻāina? Ua ulu ʻia ka hua ʻuala?
- Wahi a ka ʻike i hāʻawi ʻia e ka lālā o ka Federal State Budgetary Institution "Rosselkhoztsentr" no ka ʻāina ʻo Novosibirsk, e pili ana i ka nānā ʻana o ka hōʻike e pili ana i nā hua kanu no ʻekolu makahiki (2018-2020), nā ʻano kaulana loa i nā ʻoihana mahiʻai o ka ʻO ka ʻāina ʻo Novosibirsk: Gala, Tuleevsky, Rosara, Red Scarlett, Lina.
Hoʻokō ka ʻāina i kāna mau pono no nā mea kanu maikaʻi. ʻO Sib-NIIRS (kahi lālā o ka Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS), ka Nastenka Peasant Farm, a me ka Michurinets Agricultural Farm CJSC kūikawā i ka ulu ʻana i ka ʻuala ma ka ʻāina.
- Hui PepsiCo e wehe ana i kahi mea kanu hana chips ma ka ʻāina Novosibirsk. Mākaukau nā ʻoihana mahiʻai e ulu i nā ʻano chip?
"ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua loaʻa i nā mea hana mahiʻai nā hoʻolālā a PepsiCo e kūkulu i kahi mea kanu i kā mākou ʻāina me ka hoihoi nui. Nui nā mahiʻai i ka wā e hiki mai ana e makemake e lilo i mea hoʻolako nui. Ma kēia mea, i ka makahiki 2020, ua hoʻonui ka poʻe mahiʻai i ka wahi i kanu ʻia me ka ʻuala chip.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, hoʻomaopopo mākou a pau i ka hana ʻana o ia huahana e pono ai ka ʻike koʻikoʻi a me nā mākau, akā mākaukau nā kānaka e aʻo.
I Nowemapa 2019, i ka wā o ka honua agro-industrial exhibition "Siberian Agrarian Week", ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi papa ʻaina "Integrated ʻenehana no ka ulu ʻana i ka ʻuala", kahi i hui pū ai i nā mea hana mahiʻai hoihoi. Ua loaʻa i ka poʻe i komo i ka papaʻaina he nui ka ʻike (me ka ʻelele o PepsiCo) e pili ana i nā lula o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka lepo, nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kanu ʻana a me ka ʻohi ʻana i nā ʻuala. A manaʻo wau ʻaʻole kēia ka hanana hope loa o kēia ʻano.
- I ka makahiki 2017-18, ua paʻi ka media i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kahi hui ʻuala Russian-Chinese ma ka ʻāina Novosibirsk. E hoʻomau ʻia ana kēia papahana?
— ʻO ka mea pōʻino, i kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ke emi nei ka hana ʻuala ma ia wahi no nā kumu he nui. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pono ponoʻī o ka huahana he 84,0% (me ka hoʻohana pilikino ma ka helu o 94,1 kg per kapita). I ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i kēia, ʻo ka hana ʻana i kahi hui ʻuala Lūkini-Kina ma ka ʻāina i manaʻo ʻia he mea ʻole. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole mākou e hoʻopau i kēia papahana a e hoʻi hou i kāna noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka wā e hiki ai i ka ʻuala i ka 100%.
— Hāʻawi anei nā ʻoihana mahiʻai ʻo Novosibirsk i ka ʻuala ma waho?
- Wahi a ke keʻena kūloko o ka Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance, i ka makahiki 2019, ua lawe aku nā mea mahiʻai ʻo Novosibirsk ma kahi o 60 tons o ka ʻuala. Ua lawe ʻia nā hoʻouna i ka Repubalika o Kazakhstan. He liʻiliʻi nā helu, akā i ka wā e hiki mai ana mākou e hoʻolālā e hoʻonui i ka nui o nā mea kūʻai aku a hāʻawi i ke kōkua i nā mea hana mahiʻai e makemake ana e hana i kēia kuhikuhi (ua hāʻawi ʻia ke kākoʻo i loko o ke kahua o ka papahana kūloko "Export of Agricultural Products").
— Ua kūkulu ʻia ka ʻōnaehana mālama ʻuala ma ka ʻāina?
- 27 mau ʻoihana mahiʻai ma ka ʻāina i kā lākou pono e mālama ai i nā mea kanu a me nā ʻuala, ʻo ka nui o ka nui o ka waiho ʻana he 60,4 tausani tons. I ka manawa like, ʻekolu mau ʻoihana i loaʻa i nā hale mālama nui e hiki ai iā lākou ke mālama i nā huahana i ka nui o 15-16,5 tausani tons.
I kēia manawa, ke hoʻomau nei ka hana hou ʻana o ka hale mālama ʻuala (me ka nui o 12 tausani tons) ma JSC Agricultural Farm "Yarkovskoye".
- I ka makahiki 2015, ua hoʻolauleʻa ka ʻāina ʻo Novosibirsk i ka makahiki 120 o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hana reclamation ma Barabinsk steppe. Ke hilinaʻi nei ka ʻāina i ka hoʻōla ʻāina i kēia lā? Ke ulu nei ka wahi o ka ʻāina irrigated?
- Mai ka makahiki 2015, ua hoʻokō mākou i kahi papahana o ka papahana mokuʻāina "Hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hana hou ʻana o nā ʻāina mahiʻai ma ka ʻāina ʻo Novosibirsk." I loko o kēia manawa, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka 108,9 miliona mau rubles i nā ʻoihana mahiʻai ma ke ʻano he kākoʻo mokuʻāina, me 77,9 miliona mau rubles mai ka waihona kālā federal, 31,0 miliona mau rubles mai ka waihona kālā kūloko, 5 mau ʻōnaehana reclamation me ka nui o ka irrigation i kūkulu ʻia a kūkulu hou ʻia 1,9 tausani heka.
ʻO ka ʻāpana o ka ʻāina irrigated ma ka ʻāina ʻo Novosibirsk he 36,9 tausani ʻeka, ʻo ia ka 35,8 tausani heka he ʻāina mahiʻai.
- Ua kākau nui ka media e pili ana i ka maloʻo ma ka moku Novosibirsk i kēia makahiki. E pili ana anei ke ano pilikia o ka manawa i ka ohi uala?
- Ma ka hoʻomakaʻana oʻAukake, ua hoʻokomoʻia kahi moku'āina o ka pilikia ma ka pae'āina ma muli o ka maloʻoʻana o ka lepo ma 17 o nā'āpana 30 o ka'āina,ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou aia ma ka hema a me ke komohana hema o ka'āina. Ke hana nei ka loiloi poino ma nā wahi i hoʻopilikia ʻia. Ma nā wahi pilikia, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke keʻena nui e hoʻonohonoho i nā hana a hōʻiliʻili i ka ʻike hana. ʻO ke keʻena nui, me ka hui pū ʻana me nā poʻo o nā hui mahiʻai, nā poʻo o nā mahiʻai mahiʻai, nā ʻoihana pilikino e hana ana i nā hana mahiʻai, ke hana nei i nā hana e hōʻemi ai i ka pōʻino. ʻIke ʻia, ʻaʻole e hōʻiliʻili ʻia ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i kēia makahiki, akā ʻaʻole koʻikoʻi ke kūlana ma nā mahi ʻuala: i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ka luku ʻana i nā kanu ʻuala.